aortic regurgitation

Question 1

etiology?

Answer 1

infective endocarditis, rheumatic fever, aortic dissection, bicuspid aortic valve, marfan/ehler danlos

Question 2

pathophysiology?

Answer 2

regurgitation of blood into the LV -> LV hypertrophy -> LV failure

Question 3

symptoms?

Answer 3

dyspnea, HF signs
wide pulse pressure (water-hammer pulse)

auscultation:
added S3
early diastolic murmur at R sternal border heard best when patient holds their breath after expiration
austin flint murmur: diastolic murmur heard at apex due to physiological mitral stenosis

Question 4

diagnosis and treatment?

Answer 4

Echo, ecg, xray (LVH)

tx: aortic valve replacement