aortic dissection Flashcards

1
Q

does aortic dissection affect males more or female

A

males

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2
Q

what is the most common emergency affecting the aorta

A

aortic dissection

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3
Q

what age is common presentation of aortic dissection

A

50 - 70

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4
Q

pathology of aortic dissection

A
  1. Results from a tear in the intima
  2. Blood flowing into media is under high pressure which creates a false lumen in the diseased media and splits it
  3. Leads to occlusion of the branches of the aorta
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5
Q

classification of aortic dissection

A

Type A – involves ascending aorta (most common)

Type B – doesn’t involve ascending aorta

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6
Q

causes of aortic dissection

A

Chronic hypertension - Pregnancy

Connective tissue disorders – Marfan’s, Ehlers-Danlos

Aneurysms

Infection

Atherosclerosis

Trauma – shearing stresses in RTA

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7
Q

symptoms of aortic dissection

A

Abrupt onset of severe, tearing central chest pain radiating to back and down arms

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8
Q

signs of aortic dissection

A

Absent peripheral pulses

Unequal BP in left and right arm

Neurological signs due to involvement of branch arteries

Aortic regurgitation, cardiac tamponade

Compression of other arteries – renal, subclavian

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9
Q

investigations for aortic dissection

A

CT/MRI angiography confirms diagnosis – contraindicated in patients with renal disease

CXR – shows widened mediastinum/aorta

Transoesophageal echocardiogram

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10
Q

treatment for type a aortic dissection

A

surgical repair of ascending aortic dissection

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11
Q

treatment for type b aortic dissection

A

Surgical repair of descending aortic dissection

Anti-hypertensives to control BP

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