Aortic Arches Flashcards
What do the pharyngeal arch arteries do?
That pass through the pharyngeal arches and connect paired dorsal aortae with the trunks arteriosus (aortic sac)
Where do the pharyngeal arch arteries arise from? Where do they terminate?
They arise from the aortic sac and terminate at the dorsal aortae
Which pharyngeal arches partially disappear?
1st, 2nd, and dorsal part of 6th
Which pharyngeal arch artery disappears totally?
5th
The 1st pharyngeal arch artery becomes…
portion of the maxillary artery
The second pharyngeal arch artery becomes…
hyoid and stapedial artery (tympanic branch of internal carotid artery)
The third pharyngeal arch artery becomes…
Common carotid artery, external carotid and proximal part of internal carotid artery (distal part of internal carotid artery forms from dorsal aortae)
The fourth pharyngeal arch artery becomes…
Left: part of the arch of aorta
Right: proximal part of the right subclavian artery
The sixth pharyngeal arch artery becomes…
Proximal part: proximal part of pulmonary arteries
Distal part: Left side-ductus arteriosus, right side-degenerates
Where does the external carotid come from?
Sprouts from the 3rd pharyngeal arch arteries
Where does the internal carotid come from?
From the 3rd pharyngeal arch arteries and the dorsal aorta cranial to it
Where does the arch of the aorta come from?
Left 4th pharyngeal arch artery and left dorsal aorta
Double Aortic Arch: Cause and Symptoms
Due to the persistence of the detail part of the right dorsal aorta, the right arch is usually larger. Very rare. Symptoms: wheezing, aggravated by crying, feeding, and neck flexion due to compression of the trachea and esophagus. Subclavian and carotid arise from separate aortas
What causes the right arch of the aorta?
It is caused by a persistence of the right dorsal aorta, while the distal part of the left distal aorta involutes
Retoesophageal Component of right arch of the aorta
The retroesphageal component and the ligament arteriosum may from a constricting ring around the esophagus and trachea
What causes the defects in DiGeorge’s syndrome?
Facial: issues with pharyngeal arch
Absence of thymus and parathyroid: 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches
Pierre Robin Syndrome (Sequence)
Multiple defects: micrognathia, cleft palate, glossoptosis, and cardiovascular defects
Treacher Collins Syndrome (mandibulofacial dysostosis)
Autosomal dominant, mutation in the TC0F1 gene (spontaneous and familial). Failure of neural crest cell migration. Hypoplasia or aplasia of first and second arch, cardiovascular defects
Where does the left subclavian artery come from?
Left 7th cervical intersegmental artery
Where does the right subclavian artery come from?
Right 4th pharyngeal arch artery, dorsal aorta, and the right 7th cervical intersegmental artery
Anomalous Right Subclavian Artery
Abnormal involution, persistant distal part of right dorsal artery, differential growth shifts the right subclavian artery cranially (lies close to origin of left subclavian artery)
What is the four fetal blood shunts?
Umbilical vein, ductus venous, oval foramen, ductus arteriosus
What does the umbilical vein become?
Ligamentum teres
What does the ductus venous become?
Ligamentum venosum
What does the foramen ovale become?
Fossa ovale
What does the ductus arteriosus become?
Ligamentum arteriosum
What is the most common birth defect associated with maternal rubella?
Patent ductus arteriosus. Occurs more frequently in females.
Coarctation of the Aorta
Aortic constriction. More common in males, more common in caucasian, related to Turner Syndrome.Results in rib notching due to large intercostal arteries.
Preductal Coarctation of the Aorta
Proximal to ductus arteriosus
Juxtaductal Coarctation of the Aorta
Entrance of the ductus arteriosus
Post ductal Coarctation of the Aorta
Distal to Ductus arteriosus
Blood flow through subclavian arteries
Subclavian->Internal thoracic->Anterior Intercostals->Posterior Intercostals->Descending aorta
