Aortic Arches

Question 1

What do the pharyngeal arch arteries do?

Answer 1

That pass through the pharyngeal arches and connect paired dorsal aortae with the trunks arteriosus (aortic sac)

Question 2

Where do the pharyngeal arch arteries arise from? Where do they terminate?

Answer 2

They arise from the aortic sac and terminate at the dorsal aortae

Question 3

Which pharyngeal arches partially disappear?

Answer 3

1st, 2nd, and dorsal part of 6th

Question 4

Which pharyngeal arch artery disappears totally?

Answer 4

5th

Question 5

The 1st pharyngeal arch artery becomes…

Answer 5

portion of the maxillary artery

Question 6

The second pharyngeal arch artery becomes…

Answer 6

hyoid and stapedial artery (tympanic branch of internal carotid artery)

Question 7

The third pharyngeal arch artery becomes…

Answer 7

Common carotid artery, external carotid and proximal part of internal carotid artery (distal part of internal carotid artery forms from dorsal aortae)

Question 8

The fourth pharyngeal arch artery becomes…

Answer 8

Left: part of the arch of aorta
Right: proximal part of the right subclavian artery

Question 9

The sixth pharyngeal arch artery becomes…

Answer 9

Proximal part: proximal part of pulmonary arteries

Distal part: Left side-ductus arteriosus, right side-degenerates

Question 10

Where does the external carotid come from?

Answer 10

Sprouts from the 3rd pharyngeal arch arteries

Question 11

Where does the internal carotid come from?

Answer 11

From the 3rd pharyngeal arch arteries and the dorsal aorta cranial to it

Question 12

Where does the arch of the aorta come from?

Answer 12

Left 4th pharyngeal arch artery and left dorsal aorta

Question 13

Double Aortic Arch: Cause and Symptoms

Answer 13

Due to the persistence of the detail part of the right dorsal aorta, the right arch is usually larger. Very rare. Symptoms: wheezing, aggravated by crying, feeding, and neck flexion due to compression of the trachea and esophagus. Subclavian and carotid arise from separate aortas

Question 14

What causes the right arch of the aorta?

Answer 14

It is caused by a persistence of the right dorsal aorta, while the distal part of the left distal aorta involutes

Question 15

Retoesophageal Component of right arch of the aorta

Answer 15

The retroesphageal component and the ligament arteriosum may from a constricting ring around the esophagus and trachea

Question 16

What causes the defects in DiGeorge’s syndrome?

Answer 16

Facial: issues with pharyngeal arch

Absence of thymus and parathyroid: 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches

Question 17

Pierre Robin Syndrome (Sequence)

Answer 17

Multiple defects: micrognathia, cleft palate, glossoptosis, and cardiovascular defects

Question 18

Treacher Collins Syndrome (mandibulofacial dysostosis)

Answer 18

Autosomal dominant, mutation in the TC0F1 gene (spontaneous and familial). Failure of neural crest cell migration. Hypoplasia or aplasia of first and second arch, cardiovascular defects

Question 19

Where does the left subclavian artery come from?

Answer 19

Left 7th cervical intersegmental artery

Question 20

Where does the right subclavian artery come from?

Answer 20

Right 4th pharyngeal arch artery, dorsal aorta, and the right 7th cervical intersegmental artery

Question 21

Anomalous Right Subclavian Artery

Answer 21

Abnormal involution, persistant distal part of right dorsal artery, differential growth shifts the right subclavian artery cranially (lies close to origin of left subclavian artery)

Question 22

What is the four fetal blood shunts?

Answer 22

Umbilical vein, ductus venous, oval foramen, ductus arteriosus

Question 23

What does the umbilical vein become?

Answer 23

Ligamentum teres

Question 24

What does the ductus venous become?

Answer 24

Ligamentum venosum

Question 25

What does the foramen ovale become?

Answer 25

Fossa ovale

Question 26

What does the ductus arteriosus become?

Answer 26

Ligamentum arteriosum

Question 27

What is the most common birth defect associated with maternal rubella?

Answer 27

Patent ductus arteriosus. Occurs more frequently in females.

Question 28

Coarctation of the Aorta

Answer 28

Aortic constriction. More common in males, more common in caucasian, related to Turner Syndrome.Results in rib notching due to large intercostal arteries.

Question 29

Preductal Coarctation of the Aorta

Answer 29

Proximal to ductus arteriosus

Question 30

Juxtaductal Coarctation of the Aorta

Answer 30

Entrance of the ductus arteriosus

Question 31

Post ductal Coarctation of the Aorta

Answer 31

Distal to Ductus arteriosus

Question 32

Blood flow through subclavian arteries

Answer 32

Subclavian->Internal thoracic->Anterior Intercostals->Posterior Intercostals->Descending aorta