AOM

Question 1

What is the difference between medication and drug?

Answer 1

Drugs also refer to illicitly obtained substance

Question 2

What is the advantages of using synthetic drugs?

Answer 2

Synthetic drugs are more standardized in their chemical characteristics, more consistent in their
effects, and less likely to produce allergic reactions.

Question 3

Generic name:

Answer 3

chemical or official name of the
drug that is independent of the
manufacturer and often indicates
the drug group

Question 4

Official name:

Answer 4

Name by which drug is listed in official publications

Question 5

Chemical name

Answer 5

-Name by which a chemist knows it
-Describes constituents of the drug precisely

Question 6

Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs:

Answer 6

medications
available for purchase without a prescription

Question 7

Legal Aspects of Administering Medications (Nursing practice acts):

Answer 7

Recognizing limits of own knowledge and skill:
-Take responsibility for actions
-Question any order that appears unreasonable
-Refuse to give medication until order is clarified

Question 8

Practices for Controlled substances (->DD?)

Answer 8

 Kept under lock

 Special inventory forms

 Documentation requirements

 Procedures for discarding

 End-of-shift counts of controlled substances

Question 9

Hong Kong Drug Legislation Laws:

Answer 9

Pharmacy and Poisons Ordinance (Cap. 138A)《 藥劑業及毒藥條例 》

Antibiotics Ordinance (Cap. 137)《 抗生素條例 》

Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (Cap. 134)《 危險藥物條例 》

Question 10

General drugs handle:

Answer 10

Drugs should be kept in proper storage

Ensure valid prescription before administration
→clarify w/ prescriber when prescription is incomplete, illegible or in doubt

Drug administration should be done by a qualified nurse

Drug disposal : Chemical waste & DD
→Environmental Protection Department (EPD), Department of Health

Question 11

Dangerous Drugs Act (DDA):

Answer 11

 Dangerous drugs must be kept in a locked receptacle

 Key of DD cupboard must be kept independently and separately from other keys

 The key must be kept by nurse in charge or designated nurse on duty

 Checking out DD from the DD cupboard must be done by 2 qualified staff simultaneously,
including one nurse in charge or a designated registered nurse

 Administration of DD should be done by 2 qualified staff immediately after checking out

 Whenever a DD is supplied, a record shall be entered in a specified register

 All stocks of DD shall be examined at least once in every month

Question 12

Therapeutic effect:

Answer 12

Desired effect

Reason drug is prescribed

Question 13

Side effect:

Answer 13

Secondary effect

Unintended, usually predictable

May be harmless or harmful

Question 14

Adverse effect:

Answer 14

More severe side effect

May justify discontinuation of a drug

Question 15

Drug toxicity:

Answer 15

Results from overdose, ingestion of
external-use drug, or buildup of drug in
blood

Question 16

Drug allergy:

Answer 16

Immunologic reaction to drug

Mild to severe reactions

Anaphylactic reaction, anaphylaxis

Question 17

Drug tolerance:

Answer 17

Unusually low physiological response

Requires increases in the dosage to
maintain a given therapeutic effect

Question 18

Cumulative effect:

Answer 18

Increased effect resulting from rate of
dosage being higher than rate of
excretion

Question 19

Idiosyncratic effect:

Answer 19

Unexpected; may be individual to
client

Question 20

Drug interaction:

Answer 20

One drug alters effect of other drug(s)

Question 21

Potentiating effect:

Answer 21

One or both drugs is increased.

Question 22

Inhibiting effect:

Answer 22

Effect of one or both drugs is decreased.

Question 23

Iatrogenic disease:

Answer 23

Disease unintentionally caused by
medical or drug therapy

Question 24

Anaphylaxis:

Answer 24

Fetal

Swelling in the mouth and tongue

Acute shortness of breath

Acute hypotension

Tachycardia

Question 25

Common mild allergic responses:

Answer 25

 Skin rash
 Pruritus
 Angioedema
 Rhinitis
 Nausea, vomiting
 Diarrhea

Question 26

All drugs can produce adverse effects. (T/F)

Answer 26

T

Question 27

Common or serious Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) in CNS:

Answer 27

CNS stimulation (e.g., agitation, confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, psychosis, seizures)

CNS depression (e.g., impaired level of consciousness, sedation, coma, impaired respiration and circulation)

Question 28

Common or serious Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) in Gastrointestinal system:

Answer 28

GI effects (e.g., nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea) commonly occur.

More serious effects include bleeding
or ulceration (most often with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as ibuprofen) and severe
diarrhea/colitis (most often with antibiotics).

Question 29

Common or serious Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) in Hematologic system:

Answer 29

Hematologic effects (excessive bleeding, clot formation [thrombosis], bone marrow depression, anemias,
leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia) are relatively common and potentially life threatening.

Question 30

Activated ____ is considered the “universal” antidote; most drugs do not have
specific antidotes for overdoses.

Answer 30

charcoal