AOM Flashcards
What is the difference between medication and drug?
Drugs also refer to illicitly obtained substance
What is the advantages of using synthetic drugs?
Synthetic drugs are more standardized in their chemical characteristics, more consistent in their
effects, and less likely to produce allergic reactions.
Generic name:
chemical or official name of the
drug that is independent of the
manufacturer and often indicates
the drug group
Official name:
Name by which drug is listed in official publications
Chemical name
-Name by which a chemist knows it
-Describes constituents of the drug precisely
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs:
medications
available for purchase without a prescription
Legal Aspects of Administering Medications (Nursing practice acts):
Recognizing limits of own knowledge and skill:
-Take responsibility for actions
-Question any order that appears unreasonable
-Refuse to give medication until order is clarified
Practices for Controlled substances (->DD?)
Kept under lock
Special inventory forms
Documentation requirements
Procedures for discarding
End-of-shift counts of controlled substances
Hong Kong Drug Legislation Laws:
Pharmacy and Poisons Ordinance (Cap. 138A)《 藥劑業及毒藥條例 》
Antibiotics Ordinance (Cap. 137)《 抗生素條例 》
Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (Cap. 134)《 危險藥物條例 》
General drugs handle:
Drugs should be kept in proper storage
Ensure valid prescription before administration
→clarify w/ prescriber when prescription is incomplete, illegible or in doubt
Drug administration should be done by a qualified nurse
Drug disposal : Chemical waste & DD
→Environmental Protection Department (EPD), Department of Health
Dangerous Drugs Act (DDA):
Dangerous drugs must be kept in a locked receptacle
Key of DD cupboard must be kept independently and separately from other keys
The key must be kept by nurse in charge or designated nurse on duty
Checking out DD from the DD cupboard must be done by 2 qualified staff simultaneously,
including one nurse in charge or a designated registered nurse
Administration of DD should be done by 2 qualified staff immediately after checking out
Whenever a DD is supplied, a record shall be entered in a specified register
All stocks of DD shall be examined at least once in every month
Therapeutic effect:
Desired effect
Reason drug is prescribed
Side effect:
Secondary effect
Unintended, usually predictable
May be harmless or harmful
Adverse effect:
More severe side effect
May justify discontinuation of a drug
Drug toxicity:
Results from overdose, ingestion of
external-use drug, or buildup of drug in
blood
Drug allergy:
Immunologic reaction to drug
Mild to severe reactions
Anaphylactic reaction, anaphylaxis
Drug tolerance:
Unusually low physiological response
Requires increases in the dosage to
maintain a given therapeutic effect
Cumulative effect:
Increased effect resulting from rate of
dosage being higher than rate of
excretion
Idiosyncratic effect:
Unexpected; may be individual to
client
Drug interaction:
One drug alters effect of other drug(s)
Potentiating effect:
One or both drugs is increased.
Inhibiting effect:
Effect of one or both drugs is decreased.
Iatrogenic disease:
Disease unintentionally caused by
medical or drug therapy
Anaphylaxis:
Fetal
Swelling in the mouth and tongue
Acute shortness of breath
Acute hypotension
Tachycardia
Common mild allergic responses:
Skin rash
Pruritus
Angioedema
Rhinitis
Nausea, vomiting
Diarrhea
All drugs can produce adverse effects. (T/F)
T
Common or serious Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) in CNS:
CNS stimulation (e.g., agitation, confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, psychosis, seizures)
CNS depression (e.g., impaired level of consciousness, sedation, coma, impaired respiration and circulation)
Common or serious Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) in Gastrointestinal system:
GI effects (e.g., nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea) commonly occur.
More serious effects include bleeding
or ulceration (most often with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as ibuprofen) and severe
diarrhea/colitis (most often with antibiotics).
Common or serious Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) in Hematologic system:
Hematologic effects (excessive bleeding, clot formation [thrombosis], bone marrow depression, anemias,
leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia) are relatively common and potentially life threatening.
Activated ____ is considered the “universal” antidote; most drugs do not have
specific antidotes for overdoses.
charcoal
