AOM Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between medication and drug?

A

Drugs also refer to illicitly obtained substance

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2
Q

What is the advantages of using synthetic drugs?

A

Synthetic drugs are more standardized in their chemical characteristics, more consistent in their
effects, and less likely to produce allergic reactions.

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3
Q

Generic name:

A

chemical or official name of the
drug that is independent of the
manufacturer and often indicates
the drug group

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4
Q

Official name:

A

Name by which drug is listed in official publications

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5
Q

Chemical name

A

-Name by which a chemist knows it
-Describes constituents of the drug precisely

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6
Q

Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs:

A

medications
available for purchase without a prescription

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7
Q

Legal Aspects of Administering Medications (Nursing practice acts):

A

Recognizing limits of own knowledge and skill:
-Take responsibility for actions
-Question any order that appears unreasonable
-Refuse to give medication until order is clarified

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8
Q

Practices for Controlled substances (->DD?)

A

 Kept under lock

 Special inventory forms

 Documentation requirements

 Procedures for discarding

 End-of-shift counts of controlled substances

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9
Q

Hong Kong Drug Legislation Laws:

A

Pharmacy and Poisons Ordinance (Cap. 138A)《 藥劑業及毒藥條例 》

Antibiotics Ordinance (Cap. 137)《 抗生素條例 》

Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (Cap. 134)《 危險藥物條例 》

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10
Q

General drugs handle:

A

Drugs should be kept in proper storage

Ensure valid prescription before administration
→clarify w/ prescriber when prescription is incomplete, illegible or in doubt

Drug administration should be done by a qualified nurse

Drug disposal : Chemical waste & DD
→Environmental Protection Department (EPD), Department of Health

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11
Q

Dangerous Drugs Act (DDA):

A

 Dangerous drugs must be kept in a locked receptacle

 Key of DD cupboard must be kept independently and separately from other keys

 The key must be kept by nurse in charge or designated nurse on duty

 Checking out DD from the DD cupboard must be done by 2 qualified staff simultaneously,
including one nurse in charge or a designated registered nurse

 Administration of DD should be done by 2 qualified staff immediately after checking out

 Whenever a DD is supplied, a record shall be entered in a specified register

 All stocks of DD shall be examined at least once in every month

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12
Q

Therapeutic effect:

A

Desired effect

Reason drug is prescribed

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13
Q

Side effect:

A

Secondary effect

Unintended, usually predictable

May be harmless or harmful

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14
Q

Adverse effect:

A

More severe side effect

May justify discontinuation of a drug

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15
Q

Drug toxicity:

A

Results from overdose, ingestion of
external-use drug, or buildup of drug in
blood

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16
Q

Drug allergy:

A

Immunologic reaction to drug

Mild to severe reactions

Anaphylactic reaction, anaphylaxis

17
Q

Drug tolerance:

A

Unusually low physiological response

Requires increases in the dosage to
maintain a given therapeutic effect

18
Q

Cumulative effect:

A

Increased effect resulting from rate of
dosage being higher than rate of
excretion

19
Q

Idiosyncratic effect:

A

Unexpected; may be individual to
client

20
Q

Drug interaction:

A

One drug alters effect of other drug(s)

21
Q

Potentiating effect:

A

One or both drugs is increased.

22
Q

Inhibiting effect:

A

Effect of one or both drugs is decreased.

23
Q

Iatrogenic disease:

A

Disease unintentionally caused by
medical or drug therapy

24
Q

Anaphylaxis:

A

Fetal

Swelling in the mouth and tongue

Acute shortness of breath

Acute hypotension

Tachycardia

25
Common mild allergic responses:
 Skin rash  Pruritus  Angioedema  Rhinitis  Nausea, vomiting  Diarrhea
26
All drugs can produce adverse effects. (T/F)
T
27
Common or serious Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) in CNS:
CNS stimulation (e.g., agitation, confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, psychosis, seizures) CNS depression (e.g., impaired level of consciousness, sedation, coma, impaired respiration and circulation)
28
Common or serious Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) in Gastrointestinal system:
GI effects (e.g., nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea) commonly occur. More serious effects include bleeding or ulceration (most often with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as ibuprofen) and severe diarrhea/colitis (most often with antibiotics).
29
Common or serious Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) in Hematologic system:
Hematologic effects (excessive bleeding, clot formation [thrombosis], bone marrow depression, anemias, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia) are relatively common and potentially life threatening.
30
Activated ____ is considered the “universal” antidote; most drugs do not have specific antidotes for overdoses.
charcoal
31