AoK: Natural Sciences

Question 1

What are natural sciences?

Answer 1

Those that study the natural world & ourselves as a biological species within it

Question 2

What is the scientific method?

Answer 2

Several strict stages that arrive at a demonstrable conclusion, that defines an investigation as truly scientific

Question 3

What is causation?

Answer 3

What makes something directly occur

Question 4

What is correlation?

Answer 4

When two events are linked, because they share a third factor or they have happened at the same time

Question 5

What is qualitative data?

Answer 5

Anything that gives us subjective information that may involve values and opinions about something

Question 6

What is quantitative data?

Answer 6

Anything that gives us objective, value-free information about something

Question 7

Which is the main applied method in the natural sciences?

Answer 7

Observation

Question 8

What makes knowledge collective within the natural sciences?

Answer 8

That there are contributions within the same models & theories

Question 9

Which are the steps for the scientific method?

Answer 9

1. Observation
2. Problem
3. Hypothesis
4. Testing
5. Theory
6. Law

Question 10

How do the natural sciences and sense perception relate?

Answer 10

Sense perception is the basis of science

Question 11

How do the natural sciences and intuition relate?

Answer 11

Intuition is the first step in the research process

Question 12

How do the natural sciences and language relate?

Answer 12

There is a difference between the language used within the scientific community and the general public

Question 13

How do the natural sciences and imagination relate?

Answer 13

Creativity is used in the creation of hypothesis

Question 14

How do the natural sciences and reason relate?

Answer 14

It works with the correspondence check (evidence)

Question 15

How do the natural sciences and emotion relate?

Answer 15

It is human beings who create science and their feelings are part of the context in which they work

Question 16

What is a paradigm?

Answer 16

Accepted theories that fill in details of the overall patterns of connections

Question 17

What is a pseudo-science?

Answer 17

Discipline that may claim to follow the scientific method, but does not do so in a strict way

Question 18

Which are some characteristics of pseudo-science?

Answer 18

• Theories that cannot be empirically tested
• Use of ad hoc hypotheses to try to save the theory
• Selective use of data
• Use of personal anecdotes as evidence
• The use of myths or ancient mysteries to support theories

Question 19

Scientists tend to look for generalizations with which characteristics?

Answer 19

• True
• Universal
• Applicable to the world

Question 20

How are ideas presented by scientists?

Answer 20

1. Background
2. Supporting details
3. Conclusion

Question 21

In science, what are peer reviews?

Answer 21

The examination & evaluation of a scientific paper by scientists working in the same or a related field

Question 22

What is “the butterfly effect”?

Answer 22

Tiny variables can affect major outcomes

Question 23

In science, what are models?

Answer 23

Simplified abstractions of the world