AO2-spoken

Question 1

Skinners book

Answer 1

Verbal Behaviour 1957

Question 2

Skinner Behaviourism

Answer 2

Claims all behaviour is a result of conditioning rather than freedom of choice, children learn through imitation.

Question 3

Operant conditioning

Answer 3

Positive and negative reinforcement

Question 4

Chomsky Nativism

Answer 4

Belives in a language acquisition device, that means we are naturally programmed to learn language

Question 5

Universal grammar

Answer 5

Children learn language at similar rates globally therefore cannot be down to imitation

Question 6

Virtuous error

Answer 6

Children make grammatical errors that they wouldn’t hear in adult language when trying to apply grammatical rules they know.

Question 7

Bruner - Social interactionism

Answer 7

LASS- emphasises children’s social situation they partake in and that caregivers should provide meaningful input for children’s language to develop

Question 8

Vygotsky

Answer 8

He stresses the importance of doing for a child. That caregivers should act more knowledgeable than the child and support them. This will help them move through the zones of proximal development; as a result of the adults scaffolding.

Question 9

What are hallidays functions

Answer 9

The describe the type of speech taking place:
instrumental, interactional, personal, representational, imaginative, regulatory and heuristic

Question 10

Instrumental (HALLIDAY)

Answer 10

Fulfils a need (I want milk)

Question 11

Interactional(HALLIDAY)

Answer 11

Develops and maintain relationships (I love you)

Question 12

Regulatory(HALLIDAY)

Answer 12

Influences the behaviour of others (pick me up)

Question 13

Personal(HALLIDAY)

Answer 13

Conveys an individual opinion and your personal identity (I like Charlie and Lola)

Question 14

Representational(HALLIDAY)

Answer 14

Conveys facts and information (it is cold outside)

Question 15

Imaginative (HALLIDAY)

Answer 15

The imaginary world often in play (I’m a shopkeeper)

Question 16

Heuristic(HALLIDAY)

Answer 16

To seek information and ask question (how do I draw this)

Question 17

What are doors functions

Answer 17

Labelling, repeating, answering, requesting action, calling greeting, protesting and practising

Question 18

Piaget

Answer 18

Children must have a contextual understanding of something before they can use that language

Question 19

Tomasello

Answer 19

He believes that language is learnt when children interact with adults regularly and they have to interpret the meaning and replicate it when they want to convey the same meaning

Question 20

Child directed speech

Answer 20

When speaking is adapted to be more accessible to children

Question 21

Berko and brown 1960

Answer 21

They suggest a gap between your cognitive and physical ability- Phis phenomenon
(Flof)

Question 22

Garvey

Answer 22

Children are youse play to relate things, they know ( sociodramatic play) e.g. mummies and daddies

Question 23

Lenneburg

Answer 23

Proposes a 5 year critical period where language is still innate, the feral child study

Question 24

Jean aitchison

Answer 24

She believes that language had a biological organised schedule- labelling, packing and network building. There is no exact dates that children should be at each stage and that they learn through their innate ability and their environment.

Question 25

(Aitchison) labelling

Answer 25

Involves making links between the sounds of particular words and objects For example , mummy refer to the child Mum

Question 26

(Aitchison) packing

Answer 26

The child understands a words range of meanings. This is when over and under extension become present.

Question 27

Network building

Answer 27

Understand the connection between words for example, some have opposite meaning

Question 28

Pinker 2004

Answer 28

Believes that we are a product of our genes