Anxiolytics & Hypnotics

Question 1

Benzodiazepines:

Answer 1

Used to treat anxiolytic, hypnotic, anti- convulsant, muscle relaxant and amnesia
(Increase GABA inhibition- GABAergic)
–>Down regulate benzodiazepine receptors
-Increasing GABA reduces 5-HT, NE, ect.
-Benzodiazepines include Diazepam, Trizolam, Flurazepam, Lorazepam, Midazolam, Oxazepam and Temazapem

Question 2

Diazepam:

Answer 2

-Benzodiazepine (GABAergic)
T1/2= 50-100 hours
-Anxiolytic

Question 3

Triazolam:

Answer 3

-Benzodiazepine: High Potency
T1/2= 2-3 hours
-Used as a hypnotic
-Poor withdrawal effects due to short half life

Question 4

Busprione:

Answer 4

• Atypical Anxiolytic (not a Benzo)
• Acts as a partial agonist on 5-HT1A inhibitory auto autoreceptors
• Lacks hypnotic, anti-convulsant and muscle relaxant properties
• Doesn’t potentiate respiratory depression actions of alcohol/ narcotics
• -Little to no withdrawal
• Takes 2-3 weeks to kick in anti-anxiety effects**

Question 5

Propanolol:

Answer 5

Beta- adrenergic blocker (Blocks Epi/ NE release)

• Used to treat performance anxiety
• Suppress sympathetically mediated symptoms

Question 6

Temazepam:

Answer 6

T1/2=8-10 hours (low potency)

• Benzodiazepine
• Hypnotic

Question 7

Zopiclone:

Answer 7

T1/2= 5 hours

-Atypical Hypnotic

Question 8

Zolpidem:

Answer 8

T1/2= 2 hours

-Atypical Hypnotic

Question 9

Ramelteon:

Answer 9

Binds MT1 and MT2 in the suprachiasmatic nucleus instead of GABAa receptors
-Hypnotic

Question 10

Phenobarbital: **

Answer 10

• Barbiturate

- ->Used as a hypnotic

Question 11

Flumazenil:

Answer 11

Benzodiazepine Antagonist

Question 12

Flurazepam:

Answer 12

Benzodiazepine

• Low potency
• ->Hypnotic