Anxiety (Quiz 2) Flashcards
There are 4 diagnostic criteria for GAD. What’s the first one?
- Excessive anxiety and worry about a number of events or activities, occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, that are out of proportion to the likelihood or impact of feared events.
What’s the 2nd diagnostic criteria for GAD?
- The worry is pervasive and difficult to control
What’s the 3rd diagnostic criteria for GAD? Hint: Anxiety and worry are associated with 3 or more of the following 6 sx (with at least some sx present for more days than not for the past 6 months): what are the 6 sx?
- Restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge
- Being easily fatigued
- Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank
- Irritability
- Muscle tension
- Sleep disturbance
What’s the 4th diagnostic criteria for GAD?
- The anxiety, worry, or physical sx cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupation, or other important areas of functioning.
T/F: Pts with both GAD and depression typically have less severe sx than those with only depression.
False. Pts with both GAD and depression have higher levels of:
- Suicidal ideation
- Poorer social functioning
- Greater frequency of other anxiety disorders
- Eating disorders
- Somatoform disorders
Pts with GAD commonly have which other psych disorders?
- Social phobia
- Specific phobia
- Panic disorder
- Major depression
What are some classes of drugs that can cause anxiety-like sx? If you’re feelin spicy, go ahead and name some examples for each class!
-
Stimulants
- i.e. amphetamine, caffeine, cocaine
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Sympathomimetics
- i.e. epi, pseudoephedrine
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Drug withdrawals
- i.e. barbiturates, benzos, narcotics, EtOH, sedatives
-
Anticholinergics
- i.e. cogentin, benadryl, tricyclics, trihexyphenidyl
-
Dopaminergics
- i.e. amantadine, L-dopa, neuroleptics
-
Miscellaneous
- i.e. baclofen, hallucinogens, indomethacin
What are the 4 pharmacological tx options for GAD?
-
SSRIs (first line)
- Paxil and Effexor (SNRI)
- Buspar (buspirone)
- TCAs (i.e. Imipramine)
- Benzodiazepines
Name 4 non-pharmacological tx options for GAD
- Relaxation
- Cognitive therapy
- Exercise
- Watch diet (i.e. nicotine, caffeine)
T/F: With specific phobia, the person is unable to recognize that the fear is excessive or unreasonable
False
T/F: With specific phobia, exposure to the phobic stimulus provokes an immediate anxiety response
True
What is the DSM criteria for social phobia?
- Social or performance situation in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or to possible scrutiny by others
- Person fears he/she will act in a way that will be humiliating or embarrassing
What are a few examples of social phobias?
Fear of:
- Giving a speech
- Playing an instrument or singing
- Eating in a restaurant
- Urinating in a public restroom
T/F: subjects with social phobia exhibit greater right-sided amygdala activation compared with healthy controls when viewing angry or contemptuous faces
False. Left-sided amygdala.
What is the most common type of mental disorder?
Specific phobia (9% 1-yr prevalance), followed by social phobia (8% 1-yr prevalance)
Are anxiety disorders more common among men or women?
Women
There’s an acronym for PTSD: NIH. What’s it stand for?
- Numbing and avoidance of stimuli associated with the event
- Intrusive thoughts and reexperiencing the event (i.e. nightmares, flashbacks)
- Hyperarousal
1-yr prevalance of PTSD is ___% and lifetime prevalance is ___%.
3.9% and 7.8%.
It’s the 5th most prevalant psychiatric illness.
Lifetime prevalance of PTSD among females is ___%. Among men it is ___%.
10.4% and 5%
Placebo decreased sx of PTSD by 32%, whereas Zoloft decreased sx by 52%. What is the number needed to treat?
- Take the difference between placebo and tx: 52% - 32% = 20%
- Divide 100% by 20% –> Number needed to treat = 5
- Give yourself a pat on the back because you just did math!
What are 4 pharmacological tx options for social anxiety disorder?
-
SSRIs (first line)
- Paxil (Paroxetine) - FDA approved
- Zoloft (sertraline) - FDA pending
- Gabapentin
- Benzos (i.e. Clonazepam)
- B-blockers (i.e. Inderal or atenolol for performance anxiety)
What is the preparedness theory of phobias?
- Organisms are biologically prepared to learn certain kinds of associations quickly and are very difficult to extinguish.
- Shaped by evolutionary pressures
T/F: Relatives of panic pts are at risk for both panic disorder and GAD
False. Just panic disorder.
T/F: Relatives of GAD pts are at risk for GAD, not panic disorder
True
