Anxiety (Quiz 2)

Question 1

There are 4 diagnostic criteria for GAD. What’s the first one?

Answer 1

1. Excessive anxiety and worry about a number of events or activities, occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, that are out of proportion to the likelihood or impact of feared events.

Question 2

What’s the 2nd diagnostic criteria for GAD?

Answer 2

2. The worry is pervasive and difficult to control

Question 3

What’s the 3rd diagnostic criteria for GAD? Hint: Anxiety and worry are associated with 3 or more of the following 6 sx (with at least some sx present for more days than not for the past 6 months): what are the 6 sx?

Answer 3

• Restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge
• Being easily fatigued
• Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank
• Irritability
• Muscle tension
• Sleep disturbance

Question 4

What’s the 4th diagnostic criteria for GAD?

Answer 4

4. The anxiety, worry, or physical sx cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupation, or other important areas of functioning.

Question 5

T/F: Pts with both GAD and depression typically have less severe sx than those with only depression.

Answer 5

False. Pts with both GAD and depression have higher levels of:

• Suicidal ideation
• Poorer social functioning
• Greater frequency of other anxiety disorders
• Eating disorders
• Somatoform disorders

Question 6

Pts with GAD commonly have which other psych disorders?

Answer 6

• Social phobia
• Specific phobia
• Panic disorder
• Major depression

Question 7

What are some classes of drugs that can cause anxiety-like sx? If you’re feelin spicy, go ahead and name some examples for each class!

Answer 7

• Stimulants
  
  • ​i.e. amphetamine, caffeine, cocaine
• Sympathomimetics
  
  • ​i.e. epi, pseudoephedrine
• Drug withdrawals
  
  • ​i.e. barbiturates, benzos, narcotics, EtOH, sedatives
• ​Anticholinergics
  
  • ​i.e. cogentin, benadryl, tricyclics, trihexyphenidyl
• ​Dopaminergics
  
  • ​i.e. amantadine, L-dopa, neuroleptics
• ​Miscellaneous
  
  • ​i.e. baclofen, hallucinogens, indomethacin

Question 8

What are the 4 pharmacological tx options for GAD?

Answer 8

• SSRIs (first line)
  
  • Paxil and Effexor (SNRI)
• Buspar (buspirone)
• TCAs (i.e. Imipramine)
• Benzodiazepines

Question 9

Name 4 non-pharmacological tx options for GAD

Answer 9

• Relaxation
• Cognitive therapy
• Exercise
• Watch diet (i.e. nicotine, caffeine)

Question 10

T/F: With specific phobia, the person is unable to recognize that the fear is excessive or unreasonable

Answer 10

False

Question 11

T/F: With specific phobia, exposure to the phobic stimulus provokes an immediate anxiety response

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What is the DSM criteria for social phobia?

Answer 12

• Social or performance situation in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or to possible scrutiny by others
• Person fears he/she will act in a way that will be humiliating or embarrassing

Question 13

What are a few examples of social phobias?

Answer 13

Fear of:

• Giving a speech
• Playing an instrument or singing
• Eating in a restaurant
• Urinating in a public restroom

Question 14

T/F: subjects with social phobia exhibit greater right-sided amygdala activation compared with healthy controls when viewing angry or contemptuous faces

Answer 14

False. Left-sided amygdala.

Question 15

What is the most common type of mental disorder?

Answer 15

Specific phobia (9% 1-yr prevalance), followed by social phobia (8% 1-yr prevalance)

Question 16

Are anxiety disorders more common among men or women?

Answer 16

Women

Question 17

There’s an acronym for PTSD: NIH. What’s it stand for?

Answer 17

• Numbing and avoidance of stimuli associated with the event
• Intrusive thoughts and reexperiencing the event (i.e. nightmares, flashbacks)
• Hyperarousal

Question 18

1-yr prevalance of PTSD is ___% and lifetime prevalance is ___%.

Answer 18

3.9% and 7.8%.

It’s the 5th most prevalant psychiatric illness.

Question 19

Lifetime prevalance of PTSD among females is ___%. Among men it is ___%.

Answer 19

10.4% and 5%

Question 20

Placebo decreased sx of PTSD by 32%, whereas Zoloft decreased sx by 52%. What is the number needed to treat?

Answer 20

1. Take the difference between placebo and tx: 52% - 32% = 20%
2. Divide 100% by 20% –> Number needed to treat = 5
3. Give yourself a pat on the back because you just did math!

Question 21

What are 4 pharmacological tx options for social anxiety disorder?

Answer 21

• SSRIs (first line)
  
  • Paxil (Paroxetine) - FDA approved
  • Zoloft (sertraline) - FDA pending
• Gabapentin
• Benzos (i.e. Clonazepam)
• B-blockers (i.e. Inderal or atenolol for performance anxiety)

Question 22

What is the preparedness theory of phobias?

Answer 22

• Organisms are biologically prepared to learn certain kinds of associations quickly and are very difficult to extinguish.
• Shaped by evolutionary pressures

Question 23

T/F: Relatives of panic pts are at risk for both panic disorder and GAD

Answer 23

False. Just panic disorder.

Question 24

T/F: Relatives of GAD pts are at risk for GAD, not panic disorder

Answer 24

True

Question 25

T/F: Relatives of pts with OCD are at risk for OCD, but not GAD.

Answer 25

False.

Relatives of pts with OCD are at risk for all types of anxiety disorders, especially GAD. Note: they are not specifically at risk for OCD!

Question 26

T/F: Prevalance of anxiety disorders is not significantly different when comparing MZ twins vs DZ twins

Answer 26

False. Much higher concordance among MZ twins than DZ twins.

Question 27

Which team is going to absolutely destroy the competition at challenge bowl?

Answer 27

Blue