Anxiety (Quiz 2) Flashcards
There are 4 diagnostic criteria for GAD. What’s the first one?
- Excessive anxiety and worry about a number of events or activities, occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, that are out of proportion to the likelihood or impact of feared events.
What’s the 2nd diagnostic criteria for GAD?
- The worry is pervasive and difficult to control
What’s the 3rd diagnostic criteria for GAD? Hint: Anxiety and worry are associated with 3 or more of the following 6 sx (with at least some sx present for more days than not for the past 6 months): what are the 6 sx?
- Restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge
- Being easily fatigued
- Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank
- Irritability
- Muscle tension
- Sleep disturbance
What’s the 4th diagnostic criteria for GAD?
- The anxiety, worry, or physical sx cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupation, or other important areas of functioning.
T/F: Pts with both GAD and depression typically have less severe sx than those with only depression.
False. Pts with both GAD and depression have higher levels of:
- Suicidal ideation
- Poorer social functioning
- Greater frequency of other anxiety disorders
- Eating disorders
- Somatoform disorders
Pts with GAD commonly have which other psych disorders?
- Social phobia
- Specific phobia
- Panic disorder
- Major depression
What are some classes of drugs that can cause anxiety-like sx? If you’re feelin spicy, go ahead and name some examples for each class!
-
Stimulants
- i.e. amphetamine, caffeine, cocaine
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Sympathomimetics
- i.e. epi, pseudoephedrine
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Drug withdrawals
- i.e. barbiturates, benzos, narcotics, EtOH, sedatives
-
Anticholinergics
- i.e. cogentin, benadryl, tricyclics, trihexyphenidyl
-
Dopaminergics
- i.e. amantadine, L-dopa, neuroleptics
-
Miscellaneous
- i.e. baclofen, hallucinogens, indomethacin
What are the 4 pharmacological tx options for GAD?
-
SSRIs (first line)
- Paxil and Effexor (SNRI)
- Buspar (buspirone)
- TCAs (i.e. Imipramine)
- Benzodiazepines
Name 4 non-pharmacological tx options for GAD
- Relaxation
- Cognitive therapy
- Exercise
- Watch diet (i.e. nicotine, caffeine)
T/F: With specific phobia, the person is unable to recognize that the fear is excessive or unreasonable
False
T/F: With specific phobia, exposure to the phobic stimulus provokes an immediate anxiety response
True
What is the DSM criteria for social phobia?
- Social or performance situation in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or to possible scrutiny by others
- Person fears he/she will act in a way that will be humiliating or embarrassing
What are a few examples of social phobias?
Fear of:
- Giving a speech
- Playing an instrument or singing
- Eating in a restaurant
- Urinating in a public restroom
T/F: subjects with social phobia exhibit greater right-sided amygdala activation compared with healthy controls when viewing angry or contemptuous faces
False. Left-sided amygdala.
What is the most common type of mental disorder?
Specific phobia (9% 1-yr prevalance), followed by social phobia (8% 1-yr prevalance)
Are anxiety disorders more common among men or women?
Women
There’s an acronym for PTSD: NIH. What’s it stand for?
- Numbing and avoidance of stimuli associated with the event
- Intrusive thoughts and reexperiencing the event (i.e. nightmares, flashbacks)
- Hyperarousal
1-yr prevalance of PTSD is ___% and lifetime prevalance is ___%.
3.9% and 7.8%.
It’s the 5th most prevalant psychiatric illness.
Lifetime prevalance of PTSD among females is ___%. Among men it is ___%.
10.4% and 5%
Placebo decreased sx of PTSD by 32%, whereas Zoloft decreased sx by 52%. What is the number needed to treat?
- Take the difference between placebo and tx: 52% - 32% = 20%
- Divide 100% by 20% –> Number needed to treat = 5
- Give yourself a pat on the back because you just did math!
What are 4 pharmacological tx options for social anxiety disorder?
-
SSRIs (first line)
- Paxil (Paroxetine) - FDA approved
- Zoloft (sertraline) - FDA pending
- Gabapentin
- Benzos (i.e. Clonazepam)
- B-blockers (i.e. Inderal or atenolol for performance anxiety)
What is the preparedness theory of phobias?
- Organisms are biologically prepared to learn certain kinds of associations quickly and are very difficult to extinguish.
- Shaped by evolutionary pressures
T/F: Relatives of panic pts are at risk for both panic disorder and GAD
False. Just panic disorder.
T/F: Relatives of GAD pts are at risk for GAD, not panic disorder
True
T/F: Relatives of pts with OCD are at risk for OCD, but not GAD.
False.
Relatives of pts with OCD are at risk for all types of anxiety disorders, especially GAD. Note: they are not specifically at risk for OCD!
T/F: Prevalance of anxiety disorders is not significantly different when comparing MZ twins vs DZ twins
False. Much higher concordance among MZ twins than DZ twins.
Which team is going to absolutely destroy the competition at challenge bowl?
Blue
