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Psychiatry > Anxiety Disorders > Flashcards

Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 models of stress

A

Biomechanical Engineering
Medicophysiological
Psychological (transactional)

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2
Q

Describe the Biomechanical Engineering model of stress

A

External stress - exceeds tolerance leading to damage

Example - catastrophic life event, daily stress

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3
Q

What are the 3 stages of stress in the medicophysiological model?

A

Alarm
Adaptation
Exhaustion

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4
Q

2 methods of coping

A

Problem focused - modify the stressor

Emotion focused - modify reaction

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5
Q

What are the 5 symptom groups associated with the fight or flight response?

A 
Psychological arousal
Autonomic arousal
Muscle tension
Hyperventilation
Sleep disturbance
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6
Q

What symptoms are associated with psychological arousal in fight or flight response?

A 
Fearful anticipation
Irritability 
Sensitivity
Poor concentration
Worrying thoughts
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7
Q

What symptoms are associated with autonomic arousal in fight or flight response?

A 
GI
Resp
Cardiovascular
Genitourinary
CNS

No underlying condition to explain symptoms

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8
Q

What symptoms are associated with muscle tension in fight or flight response?

A

Tremor

Headache

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9
Q

What symptoms are associated with hyperventilation in fight or flight response?

A

CO2 deficit
Breathless
Numbness
Carpopedal spasm

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10
Q

What symptoms are associated with sleep disturbance in fight or flight response?

A

Frequent waking
Insomnia
Nightmares
Tremors

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11
Q

What is meant by dissociative disorders?

A

Disconnection, lack of continuity between thoughts, memories, surroundings etc
Associated with previous trauma

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12
Q

What is meant by somatoform in ICD10 classification of anxiety disorders?

A

Physical symptoms

Can’t be explained by underlying condition

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13
Q

Describe in general terms what is meant by phobia

A

Anxiety associated with particular circumstances

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14
Q

Example of phobia

A

Agoraphobia - leaving home/shops/transport induces anxiety attacks

Social phobia

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15
Q

Features of phobias

A

Same core features as Generalised Anxiety Disorder

+Phobic avoidance

+Anticipatory anxiety

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16
Q

What characterises symptoms experienced in Generalised Anxiety Disorder?

A

Persistent

‘Free-floating’ anxiety

17
Q

Is GAD more common in males or females?

A

Females

Males tend to present with other issues - substance misuse, alcohol

18
Q

Differential diagnosis for anxiety (Psychiatric)

A

Depression
Schizophrenia
Dementia
Substance misuse

19
Q

Differential diagnosis for anxiety (Physical)

A

Thyrotoxicosis
Asthma or arrythmia
Phaeochromocytoma
Hypoglycaemia

20
Q

Management for anxiety

A

Counselling
Relaxation training
Medication - Sedatives, Antidepressants - SSRIs, TCAs
CBT

21
Q

Presenting complaint for social phobia

A

Blushing
Tremor
Fear of scrutiny - avoidance of crowds, social gatherings, socialising

22
Q

Management of social phobia

A

Education
CBT
SSRIs

23
Q

Define Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

A

Recurring obsessional thoughts and/or compulsive acts
Ideas/images/rituals
Repeated - not willingly
Recognise as individuals own thoughts

24
Q

How does OCD differ from delusions or hallucinatory voices sometimes seen in schizophrenia?

A

Recognise as individuals own thoughts

25
Q

Describe the acts or rituals seen in OCD

A

Predictable
Not enjoyable or useful
Seen to prevent harm
Pointless, resisted with key anxiety symptoms

26
Q

How does Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder differ from OCD?

A

Fixation on order
Normal state - no distressed
Less likely to seek help
Rigid

27
Q

What genetic association is there with OCD?

A

5HT Receptor or 5HT functional abnormalities

28
Q

Management of OCD

A

Exclude depressive illness
Education
SSRIS, Clomipramine
CBT

29
Q

What option is there for management in treatment-resistant OCD?

A

Psychosurgery

30
Q

Define PTSD

A

Delayed or protracted reaction to stressor of exceptional severity

31
Q

Examples of events leading to PTSD

A

Combat, natural disaster, rape, assault

32
Q

3 states of PTSD

A

Hyperarousal
Reexperiencing phenomena
Avoidance

33
Q

Aetiological factors of PTSD

A

Nature of stressor- life threatening/exposure
Vulnerability factors - mood disorder, trauma, lack of support, female
Susceptibility partly genetic

34
Q

Management of PTSD

A

Screen survivors in known natural disasters/traumatic events
Watchful waiting
Trauma focused CBT
Eye Movement Desensitisation- Reprocessing
TCAs, SSRIs

Edcuation
Guided self help
Psychotherapies
Medication

Psychiatry (6 decks)

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