Affective Disorders- Depression, Mania, Bipolar Flashcards
Define a mood disorder
Disorder of mental status- alters mood
Can be depressed or elevated
Mood disorders can occur as a primary illness or secondary. Name some causes of secondary mood disorders
Cancer
Dementia
Drug misuse
Medical treatment ie steroids
Name the two classification systems used for affective disorders
WHO- International Classification of Disease 10th Edition (ICD10)
APA - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition (DSM5)
Describe dysthymia
Symptoms of low mood below threshold of depression
Still able to carry out daily tasks/responsibilities
Depression can be described by 3 terms- what are they?
Symptom
Syndrome
Recurrent illness
Name some symptoms of depression
State of feeling/mood- sadness - can be normal to lifethreatening
Systemic - fatigue, pain
What is meant by depression when described as a syndrome?
Constellation of signs and symptoms - not the same in any 2 people
What 4 factors indicate a case where depression has become ‘abnormal’?
Persistence of symptoms greater than 2 weeks
Pervasiveness of symptoms
Degree of impairment
Presence of specific signs or symptoms
Symptoms of depression fall under which 3 spheres?
Physical sphere
Psychological sphere
Social sphere
Name the symptoms of depression that fall under the Psychological sphere
Change in mood
Change in thought content
Describe mood changes in depression
Depression- diurnal variation
Anxiety
Anhedonia
Perplexity
Describe changes in thought content seen in depression
Guilt, hopelessness, worthlessness Neurotic symptomology- hypochondriasis, obsession compulsion, panic attacks Ideas of reference Delusions Hallucinations
3 types of neurotic symptomology that may be seen in depression
Hypochondriasis
Obsession compulsion
Panic attacks
What is meant by ideas of reference?
Example- thinking people are laughing at you, talking about you
Describe symptoms of depression within the physical sphere
Change in bodily function
Change in psychomotor function
What changes may be seen in bodily function in people with depression?
Energy Sleep Appetite Libido Constipation Pain
What changes may be seen in psychomotor function in depression?
Agitation
Retardation
What symptoms are exhibited in depression that can be described by the social sphere?
Loss of interest
Irritability
Apathy
Withdrawal
Loss of confidence
Indecisive
Loss of concentration
Memory
Recognition
Which criteria must be met as described by ICD10 to diagnose depression?
Symptoms lasting at least 2 weeks
No hypomaniac or manic episodes in lifetime
Cannot attribute to psychoactive substance or organic mental disorder
Exclude psychotic illnesses
How does somatic syndrome differ from depression>
Depression worse in the morning
No low mood symptoms
Symptoms of somatic syndrome
Marked loss of interest or pleasure Lack of emotional reaction Waking 2 hours before normal time Objective evidence of psychomotor agitation or retardation Marked loss of appetite Weight loss Marked loss of libido
What are the 3 core symptoms for the diagnosis of depression using ICD10
Depressed mood that is abnormal, for most of the day, everyday for the past 2 weeks
Loss of interest or pleasure
Decreased energy or increased fatiguability
Additional symptoms to diagnose depression using ICD10
Loss of confidence or self esteem
Unreasonable feelings of guilt or self reproach / excessive guilt
Recurrent thoughts of death by suicide or any suicidal behaviour
Decreased concentration
Agitation or retardation
Sleep disturbance
Change in appetite
According to ICD10 how many symptoms must be evident to diagnose Mild Depression?
2 of the core symptoms
Any 2 of additional symptoms
= 4
