Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych Y5 > Anxiety Disorders > Flashcards

Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

When does OCD usually present?

A

Teens/20s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the most common comorbidities with OCD?

A 
Major depression
Tics
Phobias
Eating disorders
Alcohol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the thoughts associated with OCD?

A

Obsessional thoughts
Intense impulse, thoughts or images which provoke intensity
Repetitive, intrusive, unwanted and resisted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Do patients have insight into their thoughts in OCD?

A

Yes - thoughts are unpleasant and unwanted but recognised as own and irrational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most common thought had in OCD?

A

Contamination/uncleanliness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the acts associated with OCD?

A

Internalised and ritualised consequences of obsession to remove the anxiety caused by thoughts
E.g. Washing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What percentage of people have only the obsessive thoughts in OCD (no actions)?

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the mainstay of therapy for OCD? What are the 2 types?

A

CBT

Exposure response prevention ERP and cognitive therapy CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe exposure response prevention and how it is performed?

A

Graded exposure to stressful situation and prevention of compulsive response until anxiety goes away
Every day for at least 1-2 weeks, either with guided self help or direct professional contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe how cognitive therapy is used in OCD?

A

Psychological treatment aimed at changing response to thoughts, rather than get rid of them
Often used alongside ERP or for the 25% that have only obsessional thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What medications may be utilised in OCD? When?

A

SSRIs to help reduce the obsessions and compulsions

Often used alongside ERP/CT for moderate to severe OCD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the second line pharmacological treatment options for OCD after one SSRI?

A

Try another SSRI

Or use clomipramine - at low doses acts like SSRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How long is medication recommended for in OCD and how does it help?

A

At least 12m

Reduces symptoms and prevents return of symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the caveat to taking medications for OCD and how is this risk reduced?

A

50% relapse rate

Less likely if CBT also used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Management of OCD?

A

For mild CBT alone effective
For moderate can choose CBT (10 hours professional contact) or 3m of medication
For severe try both together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Options for treatment resistant OCD?

A

CT plus ERP plus medication
Polypharmacy e.g. Clomipramine plus citalopram
Antipsychotics e.g. Aripiprazole or risperidone
Treat comorbidities
DBS?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the difference between OCD and obsessive compulsive personality disorder?

A

OCD is egodystonic so causes distress

OCPD is egosyntonic so fits in with individuals personality and does not cause distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where can be targeted in surgical management of OCD?

A

Cingulate cortex ACC - can use DBS or lesions
Also ECT, VNS
Also anterior ventral capsullotomy with gamma knife

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the most recent site of use for DBS in OCD?

A

VC/VS - ventral capsule ventral striatum area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What 3 features of anxiety make it more likely to be pathological?

A

Persistence
Frequency
Intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is commonly comorbid with agoraphobia and how do the 2 relate chronologically?

A

Panic disorder

The agoraphobia usually develops within one year of panic disorder

22
Q

What are the 8 broad types of anxiety disorder?

A 
Phobic anxiety disorder
Stress reaction
Generalised anxiety disorder
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Somatoform disorders
Dissociative disorders
Mixed anxiety and depressive disorders
Neuraesthenia
23
Q

4 types of phobic anxiety disorder?

A

Agoraphobia
Panic disorder
Social phobia
Specific phobias

24
Q

3 types of stress reaction disorders?

A

Acute stress reactions

Chronic stress reactions - PTSD and adjustment disorder

25
Q

5 somatoform disorders?

A 
Hyperchondriasis
Somatisation disorder
Conversion disorder
Body dysmorphic disorder
Pain disorder
26
Q

Types of dissociative disorders?

A

Depersonalisation
Derealisation
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder

27
Q

What is feared in agoraphobia?

A

Open spaces (agora = market)
Crowds
Feeling trapped
Travelling alone

28
Q

3 therapies useful for agoraphobia?

A

Cognitive behavioural therapy
Behavioural therapy
Rational-emotive therapy

29
Q

When does agoraphobia usually present?

A

Age 18-35

30
Q

What characterises panic disorder?

A

Paroxysmal panic attacks with physical and emotional symptoms

31
Q

What is often comorbid with panic disorder?

A

Agoraphobia

As well as suicide, depression and substance abuse

32
Q

Describe social phobia?

A

Incapacitating anxiety in situations of social evaluation leading to symptoms and subsequent escape/avoidance

33
Q

What is the best psychological therapy for phobias?

A

Systematic desensitisation (exposure)

34
Q

When do acute stress reactions occur?

A

Sx develop over minutes to hours following acute often unexpected life event

35
Q

Symptoms of acute stress reaction? How long do they last?

A

Low mood, irritability, emotional fluctuance, poor sleep, poor concentration, isolation etc.
Usually settle over few hours if not days-few weeks

36
Q

What is situational anxiety?

A

Like an acute stress reaction but occurring before the event

37
Q

How are chronic stress reactions divided up?

A

Whether the event was ‘life threatening’ or not

So PTSD it was, adjustment disorder it wasn’t

38
Q

Symptoms of PTSD?

A

Recurring thoughts, flashbacks, images, dreams relating to event and subsequent distress
Hypervigilance
Avoidance of possible triggers
Emotional blunting and avoidance/detachment from others
Depressive Sx including anhedonia, pessimism, poor concentration

39
Q

What is adjustment disorder?

A

Chronic stress reaction following a relatively common life event e.g. Divorce, house move
Mixed often depressive Sx develop within days-weeks after stressor (but within 1m) and can last upwards of 6m

40
Q

What is generalised anxiety disorder?

A

Anxiety present most days for long period of time, often no identifiable triggers

41
Q

Symptoms of anxiety disorder (non-physical)?

A 
Restlessness/ feeling of being on edge
Tiring easily
Poor sleep
Difficulty concentration
Irritability
Muscle tension
42
Q

What is somatisation disorder?

A

Multiple symptoms from different organ systems, usually developing in early adulthood

43
Q

What disorder is characterised by multiple different organ systems resulting in Sx over a long period of time, with no organic basis?

A

Somatisation disorder

44
Q

What is hyperchondriasis?

A

Acknowledgement that symptoms are minor but belief that they are due to serious underlying cause e.g. Headache is brain tumour

45
Q

What is conversion disorder?

A

Present with Sx suggestive of serious underlying neurological disease e.g. Blindness, paresis, deafness
Often quickly developing in response to stressful situation

46
Q

What is body dysmorphic disorder?

A

Repeated concern about appearance and belief that there is a physical defect that no one else can see, or a small imperfection is made enormous

47
Q

What is a dissociative fugue?

A

Travel to a new location during temporary depersonalisation before assuming new identity and new life, often with preceding severe amnesia
Usually lasts few days, can be longer

48
Q

What is the proper name for multiple personality disorder?

A

Dissociative identity disorder

49
Q

What are the 2 types of neuraesthenia? What often accompanies both?

A

Massive physical fatigue after mental exertion
Physical exhaustion, aches/pains and inability to relax after minimal effort
Often accompanied by anxiety/depressive symptoms, sleep disturbances and general physical malaise

50
Q

What is buspirone?

A

Anxiolytic psychotropic often used for GAD

51
Q

What role may benzodiazepines play in anxiety management?

A

Rx of acute or severe anxiety reactions

52
Q

What caveat does antidepressant e.g. SSRI use for anxiety have?

A

May worsen before get better, and may take up to 2-4 weeks to begin having effect

Psych Y5 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions