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Clinical Psychology > Anxiety Disorders > Flashcards

Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the prevalence of anxiety disorders in the US?

A

18.1%

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2
Q

What is the dual diagnosis concept associated with anxiety disorders?

A

Usually co-occur with depressive disorders or substance abuse

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3
Q

Most people with anxiety disorders will have their first episode by what age?

A

21.5

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4
Q

Symptoms of persistent and excessive anxiety or worry that interferes with normal functioning for what length of time allow for the proper diagnosis of a general anxiety disorder?

A

At least 6 months

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5
Q

What physical symptoms can sometimes manifest with a generalized anxiety disorder?

A

Muscle aches, twitching/trembling, sweating, dry mouth, headaches, GI symptoms, urinary frequency

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6
Q

What kinds of medical conditions can cause anxiety?

A

Heart failure/abnormal heart rhythms, encephalitis, stroke, head injury, hormone imbalances due to pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands or diabetes, pneumonia/chronic lung disease, or withdrawal from sedatives or pain meds

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7
Q

What are some differential diagnoses for GAD?

A

Drug use (OTCs, caffeine, cocaine, substance withdrawal, etc.), myocardial infarction, endocrine disorders (hyper or hypothyroidism)

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8
Q

What is the cause of GAD?

A

Multi-factorial: genetics, biological abnormalities, learning, catastrophic events

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9
Q

How can learning lead to GAD?

A

Avoidance learning, classical conditioning, observational learning

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10
Q

What are the treatments for GAD?

A

Anti-anxiety drugs, anti-depressants, cognitive behavior therapy, behavior therapy, education

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11
Q

What is a major behavior therapy used to help with GAD?

A

Systematic desensitization

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12
Q

What are some relaxation techniques used as treatment for GAD?

A

Muscle-relaxation, hypnosis, biofeedback, meditation, guided visualization

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13
Q

How can chiropractic treatment help with GAD?

A

Decreased muscle tension and anxiety levels

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14
Q

What is a panic attack?

A

Sudden onset of intense apprehension, fearfulness, terror, and/or feelings of impending doom for a discrete period

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15
Q

What are the 3 ways to categorize panic attacks?

A

Unexpected (uncued), situationally bound (always environmental or psychologically cued), or situationally predisposed (sometimes, but not invariably, cued)

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16
Q

Panic attacks can occur during what kinds of anxiety disorders?

A

Panic disorder, phobias, OCD, PTSD

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17
Q

Is a panic attack considered to be a psychiatric disorder?

A

NO, attack is different than panic DISORDER

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18
Q

What is the difference between a panic attack and panic disorder?

A

Panic DISORDER is distinct and accompanied by RECURRENT, unexpected panic attacks

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19
Q

What kinds of things can mimic a panic attack?

A

Caffeine or other stimulants, asthma, cardiac issues, thyroid problems, seizure disorders

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20
Q

What are the perceived causes of panic disorder?

A

Hereditary (3-5X higher in families diagnosed with it) but also deficit or excess of serotonin

21
Q

What is agoraphobia?

A

Anxiety about, or avoidance of, places of situation from which escape might be difficult or help may not be available

22
Q

What is the difference between a fear and a phobia?

A

Phobias are irrational forms of fear in situations that aren’t actually harmful

23
Q

What are the two specific types of phobias?

A

Specific and social

24
Q

Are people with phobias aware that they’re actually irrational?

A

Surprisingly, yes

25
Q

What 3 things characterize a true phobia?

A

1 significant anxiety
2 provoked by exposure to a specific object or situation
3 often leads to avoidance behavior

26
Q

What is another name for a social phobia?

A

Social anxiety disorder

27
Q

What is social anxiety disorder?

A

Excessive fear of embarrassment, failure, or humiliation before others

28
Q

How common are social phobias?

A

13.3% lifetime risk

29
Q

How common is it for someone with a social phobia to seek treatment?

A

NOT common..only like 2% because most just end up changing their lives to avoid the stimulus

30
Q

What is an unfortunate way some people choose to tolerate a phobia instead of seeking treatment?

A

Alcohol

31
Q

What kinds of drugs can be used to treat phobias?

A

Beta-blockers, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, MAO inhibitors

32
Q

How could chiropractic help with a phobia?

A

Form of behavioral therapy as continued exposure to a positive environment

33
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is characterized by what 2 possible things?

A

Obsessions and/or compulsions

34
Q

What is the difference between an obsession and a compulsion?

A

Obsessions cause marked anxiety; compulsions serve to neutralize anxiety

35
Q

What are common themes of OCD obsessions?

A

Aggression, sex, safety, and religion

36
Q

What is the term for a repeated performance of an action that is unnecessary or bizarre as a response to an obsession?

A

Compulsion

37
Q

What is one major key as to why OCD can be so cumbersome?

A

TIME-CONSUMING!

38
Q

When does OCD most commonly begin?

A

Early adulthood

39
Q

How prevalent is OCD?

A

1-3% of the population

40
Q

Is OCD more of an acute or chronic condition?

A

Chronic with episodic or continuous forms

41
Q

What is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder?

A

Reexperiencing an extremely traumatic event

42
Q

What are the symptoms associated with PTSD?

A

Increased arousal, avoidance of stimuli, intense fear, helplessness, horror

43
Q

How prevalent is PTSD?

A

3.5% American adults (7.7 million)

44
Q

What is the prevalence of PTSD among combat veterans?

A

15-20% from Vietnam, 1/5 Iraq/Afghanistan veterans

45
Q

Do all military veterans suffering from PTSD get the treatment they need?

A

Only slightly over half seek treatment

46
Q

What is the treatment for PTSD?

A

Cognitive-behavioral therapy, exposure therapy, medication

47
Q

What is acute stress disorder?

A

Condition with similar symptoms of PTSD that occur immediately after an extremely traumatic event (1 month)

48
Q

What are the symptoms of acute stress disorder?

A

Numbing, reduced awareness, depersonalization, derealization, amnesia

Clinical Psychology (7 decks)

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