Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Disciplines Exam 1 > Anxiety Disorders 2 > Flashcards

Anxiety Disorders 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Psychiatric

  • Alcohol abuse (from self-treatment) is common ~20%
  • Increased risk for major depression, bipolar disorder, and other anxiety disorders (esp. agoraphobia)
  • ~25% have OCD
A

Comorbidity of Panic Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • Childhood history of behavior inhibition or shyness
  • 1st degree relative w/ disorder
A

Risk factors for Social Anxiety Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

•no obvious cure or trigger – attack occurs “out of the blue”

A

Unexpected panic attack/disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

•Often associated with other anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, substance abuse disorders

A

Social Anxiety Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • F:M 2:1
  • Incidence peaks in late adolescence and early adulthood
A

Agoraphobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • Elevated rates of school dropout
  • Decreased
    • Employment
    • Workplace productivity
    • Socioeconomic status
    • Quality of life
A

Social Anxiety Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Risk factors

•Negative events in childhood

  • Separation, death of a parent
  • Attacked or kidnapped

•Childhood behavioral inhibition and anxiety sensitivity

•Overprotective parents

Heritability 61%

A

Agoraphobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • Median age of onset 24 years
  • Individuals will often recall “fearful spells” in their childhood
A

Panic Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • Social interactions → having a conversation, meeting unfamiliar people
  • Being observed → eating or drinking)
  • Performing in front of others → giving a speech

•Note: In children, the anxiety must occur in peer settings and not just during interactions with adults.

A

Social Anxiety Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • Nocturnal panic attack – waking from sleep in a state of panic, which differs from panicking after fully waking from sleep
  • Relatively INTOLERANT to medication side effects
A

Panic Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The individual fears or avoids these situations because of thoughts that escape might be difficult or help might not be available in the event of developing panic-like symptoms or other incapacitating or embarrassing symptoms

(e.g. fear of falling in the elderly; fear of incontinence

A

Agoraphobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2 types of social anxiety

A
  • Anticipatory
  • Situational
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • Increased likelihood of being single, unmarried, or divorced and with not having children
  • Impeded leisure activities
A

Social Anxiety Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The _____ situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety.

A

Agoraphobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • Palpitations, pounding heart
  • Sweating
  • Feelings of choking
  • Parasthesias
A

Panic Attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The individual fears that he or she will act in a way or show anxiety symptoms that will be negatively evaluated (i.e., will be humiliating or embarrassing; will lead to rejection or offend others).

•Judged as anxious, weak, crazy, stupid, boring, intimidating, dirty, or unlikable

A

Social Anxiety Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • May demonstrate rigid body posture, inadequate eye contact, or speak in overly soft voice
  • May be shy or withdrawn
  • May seek employment in jobs that do not require social contact
  • May live at home longer
A

Social Anxiety Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

•Essential feature → marked, or intense, fear or anxiety of social situations in which the individual may be scrutinized by others

A

Social Anxiety Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • Patterns can range from a few situations (e.g. driving and crowds) to multiple situations
  • Something terrible may happen
  • Escape may be difficult
  • Help may be unavailable
  • “Panic-like symptoms”
A

Agoraphobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others.

A

Social Anxiety Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Associated with high levels of social, occupational, and physical disability

  • Considerable economic cost
  • Frequently absent from work or school
  • Highest number of medical visits among the anxiety disorders
A

Panic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

•Fear of trembling hands → avoid drinking, eating, writing or pointing in public

A

Social anxiety disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tx for Agoraphobia

A

•CBT

•SSRI or SNRI → considering tapering after ~1 year

  • Sertraline (Zoloft) – 50mg/day – increase dosage after 6 weeks
  • Venlafaxine (Effexor) – 37.5 mg/day – increase dosage after 6 weeks
  • Partial response after 8 – 12 week trial consider adding clonazepam (Klonopin)
24
Q

Safety behaviors

  • Travelling with a familiar person
  • Carrying a cell phone
  • Carrying medications
  • Carrying a water bottle
  • Sitting close to an exit or a door
  • Taking a medication prophylactically (e.g. anti-diarrheal)
  • Carrying a paper bag (in case of hyperventilation
A

Agoraphobia

25
Q

If another medical condition (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, Parkinson’s disease) is present, the fear, anxiety, or avoidance is clearly excessive.

A

Agoraphobia

26
Q

Performance only → fear is restricted to speaking or performing in public

A

Social Anxiety Disorder

27
Q
  • F:M 2:1
  • If untreated, follows a waxing and waning course
A

Panic disorder

28
Q

The social situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety.

•Note: In children, the fear or anxiety may be expressed by crying, tantrums, freezing, clinging, shrinking, or failing to speak in social situations.

A

Social Anxiety Disorder

29
Q

•Performance type → performance fears that cause impairment in professional lives (e.g. musicians, performers, athletes) or public speaking

A

Social Anxiety Disorder

30
Q

•Development may follow stressful or humiliating experience (e.g. being bullied, vomiting during a public speech) or insidious

A

Social Anxiety Disorder

31
Q

SSRI or SNRI → considering tapering after ____.

  • Sertraline (Zoloft) –increase dosage after 6 weeks
  • Venlafaxine (Effexor) –increase dosage after 6 weeks
  • Partial response after 8 – 12 week trial consider adding clonazepam (Klonopin)
A
  • 1 year
  • Tx for Social Anxiety Disorder
32
Q

Recurrent ______. An abrupt surge of intense fear or intense discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes, and during which time four (or more) of the following symptoms occur:

•Note: The abrupt surge can occur from a calm state or an anxious state.

A

Unexpected panic attacks

33
Q
  • Men may delay marrying and having a family
  • Blushing is a hallmark physical response
  • Self-medication with substances is common → drinking before going to a party
A

Social Anxiety Disorder

34
Q

•Essential feature → recurrent (>1) unexpected

A

Panic disorder

35
Q

Individuals often anticipate catastrophic outcome from a mild physical symptom

  • Chest pain → heart attack
  • Headache → brain tumor
  • Patients often undergo emergency medical evaluation (e.g. for heart attack) before diagnosis is made
A

Panic Disorder

36
Q

The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, lasting for at least ___months or more.

(social anxiety)

A

6 months

37
Q
A
38
Q

Severe forms can cause individuals to become completely homebound→ ~1/3 of patients

  • Become dependent upon others for services or assistance
  • Unable to work
A

Agoraphobia

39
Q

Shyness

  • Non-technical term
  • Feelings of apprehension or awkwardness, and inhibited behavior when in proximity to others→ does not imply pyschopathology
A

Social Anxiety Disorder

40
Q
  • Demoralization and depressive symptoms are common
  • Common for individuals to have a “safe zone”
  • Home
  • Perimeter around their neighborhood
A

Agoraphobia

41
Q

Majority have comorbid mental disorders

  • Anxiety disorders → panic disorders, specific phobias, social anxiety disorder
  • Post traumatic stress disorder
  • Major depressive disorder → secondary
  • Alcohol abuse disorder → secondary
A

Agoraphobia

42
Q

Higher prevalence of certain medical illnesses

  • Asthma
  • Coronary artery disease
  • Hypertension
  • Ulcer
  • Interstitial cystitis
  • Migraine headaches
A

Comorbidities of Panic Disorder

43
Q

The _____ situations are actively avoided, require the presence of a companion, or are endured with intense fear or anxiety.

A

Agoraphobic

44
Q

Risk factors

  • Neuroticism→ proneness to experiencing negative emotions
  • Anxiety sensitivity → disposition to believe that anxiety symptoms are harmful
  • Childhood sexual and physical abuse
  • Smoking
  • Life stress
A

Panic Disorder

45
Q

• obvious cure or trigger (e.g. phobic stimulus)

A

Expected panic attack/disorder

46
Q

Marked fear or anxiety about two (or more) of the following five situations:

  • Using public transportation (e.g. automobiles, buses, trains, ships, planes).
  • Being in open spaces (e.g. parking lots, marketplaces, bridges).
  • Being in enclosed places (e.g. shops, theaters, cinemas).
  • Standing in line or being in a crowd.
  • Being outside of the home alone.
A

Agoraphobia

47
Q
  • What is the median age of onset of Social Anxiety Disorder?
  • What sex is it more common in?
A
  • 13 y/o
  • Females
48
Q

•Essential feature → marked, or intense, fear or anxiety triggered by the real or anticipated exposure to a wide range of situations

A

Agoraphobia

49
Q

The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance

A

Panic Disorder

50
Q

Tx for Panic Disorder

A

•CBT

•SSRI or SNRI → considering tapering after ~1 year

  • Sertraline (Zoloft) – 50mg/day – increase dosage after 6 weeks
  • Venlafaxine (Effexor) – 37.5 mg/day – increase dosage after 6 weeks
  • Partial response after 8 – 12 week trial consider adding clonazepam (Klonopin)
51
Q

At least one of the attacks has been followed by _____ of one or both of the following:

  • Persistent concern or worry about additional panic attacks or their consequences (e.g. losing control, having a heart attack, “going crazy”) → anticipatory anxiety
  • A significant maladaptive change in behavior related to the attacks (e.g. behaviors designed to avoid having panic attacks, such as avoidance of exercise or unfamiliar situations).
A

1 month or more

52
Q
  • Commonly occurs in conjunction with panic disorder (~30%)
  • Majority show signs of anxiety and _____ prior to onset of panic disorder
A

Agoraphobia

53
Q

The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, lasting for at least 6 months or more.

A

Agoraphobia

54
Q

•Despite the extent of distress and social impairment only 50% seek treatment and tend to do so only after 15-20 years

A

Social Anxiety Disorder

55
Q

Behavior inhibition

•Childhood temperament in which young children manifest fear and withdrawal when introduced to novel situations or unfamiliar persons

A

Social Anxiety Disorder

56
Q
  • more durable response
  • Therapist works with patient to identify and challenge maladaptive cognitions associated with social situations
A

CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) for pts w/ Social Anxiety Disorder

57
Q

What is the tx for “performance only” Social Anxiety Disorder?

A
  • CBT – 1st line
  • Beta blocker – propranolol (Inderal) 20 to 60 mg for patients with prominent physiological symptoms (tachycardia or tremor)
  • Benzodiazepine – clonazepam (Klonopin) 0.25 to 1 mg 30 to 60 minutes prior to performance (this med acts quickly)

Disciplines Exam 1 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions