Anxiety disorders Flashcards
fear vs anxiety
fear= emotional response to real or perceived threat
anxiety= anticipation of future threat
panic attacks
Panic Attacks: Rapid onset of intense fear.
- Panic surge reaches a peak within a few minutes (typically within 10 minutes).
- Can occur in the context of any anxiety disorder or mental disorder.
- Typed into expected and unexpected panic attacks
separation anxiety disorder
Separation Anxiety Disorder: Persistent fear or anxiety when separated from attachment figures that results in distress. Causes functional impairment and presents physical symptoms. Manifestations vary with age but are developmentally inappropriate. (lasting 4 weeks in children, 6+ months in adults)
- Limits independent activities away from home/attachment figures (causes frustration in adults)
- Excessive fear of situations or things that are perceived as potentially dangerous to the self or family
- Social withdrawal, apathy, sadness, difficulty concentrating
treatments
- cbt, dbt, family therapy etc
Selective Mutism
Selective Mutism (SM): A consistent (at least 1 month) absence of speaking in specific social situations, while adequately speaking in other situations. Can have a debilitating impact on occupational/academic functions.
- may come from overprotective parents
- Fear of embarrassment lead to social withdrawal
- Academic impairment from lack of communication with teachers
- Clinging, compulsiveness, negativism, temper tantrums, or mild oppositional behavior
- Symptoms often exacerbated by being bullied by peers
- Almost always comorbid with another anxiety disorder
treatment
- Exposure therapy, CBT, SSRIs, Speech therapy
Specific Phobia
Specific Phobia: Induced fear, avoidance or anxiety about a certain object or situation (phobic stimulus) that is persistent (6 months or more), causes significant emotional distress, and functional impairment.
- feared object provokes immediate fear/anxiety
- feared object/situation is actively avoided or endured with fear/anxiety
types:
- animal
- natural enviornment
- blood-injection-injury
treatment:
Exposure therapy, CBT
Social Anxiety Disorder
Social Anxiety Disorder: Persistent (6 months or more) fear, avoidance, or anxiety about social interactions or situations that involve being evaluated/scrutinized by others and can lead to functional impairment.
- fear of acting in a way that shows anxiety symptoms or that they will be negatively evaluated
- social situations are avoided or endured
- self-medicating with substances is common
treatment:
- CBT, Medication (ssris), Group therapy
Panic disorder
Panic Disorder (PD): Episodic panic attacks that are unexpected and occur without a clear trigger
- Includes physical symptoms
- possibly depersonalization and derealization
- fear of losing control or going crazy
- a significant maladaptive change in behavior to avoid panic attacks
treatments
- CBT, exposure therapy, medications like beta-blockers or SSRIS
Agoraphobia
fear or anxiety about two or more for 6+ months:
- using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line/being in a crowd, being outside of the home alone
they fear or avoid these situations b/c they think that it will be difficult to escape or get help if they have panic symptoms
active avoidance: actively avoid these situations, or require a companion, or endure w anxiety
treatments:
exposure, cbt, SSRIs
GAD- Generalized Anxiety Disorder
excessive anxiety and worry (6+ months) about a number of events or activities, that is difficult to control
- physical symptoms like: restlessness, easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance
treatments:
- CBT, ACT, SSRIs, anxiety meds like anxiolytics and benzoodiazapines, sedative
Substance/medication-induced anxiety disorder
panic attacks or anxiety develops during or soon afterr substance intoxication/withdrawel
