anxiety disorders Flashcards
what are the 3 models of stress
biomechanical ‘engineering’
medicophysiological
psychological (transactional)
what is the biomechanical model of stress
a model of stress that occurs when somebody’s environment is disturbed in some way by an external stress that puts a strain on them
up to a point this strain can be tolerated but if this level is exceeded, physiological and psychological damage will occur
what is the medicophysiological model of stress
general non-specific physiological reaction to a demand of any nature producing the fight or flight response
if the stressor persists there would be 3 stages of physiological activity:
- alarm reaction
- physiological adaptation to the stressor
- eventual exhaustion and burnout
what is the psychological model of stress
interaction between the individual and the environment
assumes an environmental stressor doesn’t necessarily cause the individual to feel stress
rather, their response depends on how they perceive the stressor
- an individual’s reaction to stress will depend on a balance between their cognitive processing of any perceived threat and perceived ability to cope
coping can be problem or emotion focussed
what is a problem focussed coping method in the psychological model of stress
a person attempts to influence the source of the stress to reduce/eliminate it
what is a emotion focussed coping method in the psychological model of stress
psychological or behavioural responses which attempt to reduce the -ve emotions associated w/ stress
what are the 5 symptom groups in anziety
psychological arousal
autonomic arousal
muscle tension
hyperventilation
sleep disturbance
Yerkes Dodson curve
stress performance connection
some stress is required for optimal performance but too much reduces our performance
why do we have a biological basis to stress
there to protect us
survival response
symptoms of psychological arousal
- human physiological and psychological reactions to stress producing anxiety
fearful anticipation irritability sensitivity to noise poor concentration worrying thoughts
impacts of autonomic arousal on different body systems
GI: dry mouth, difficulty swallowing, dyspepsia, nausea and wind, frequent loose motions
RESP: tight chest, difficulty inhaling
CVS: palpitations/missed beats, chest pain
GENITOURINARY: frequency/urgency, amenorrhoea/dysmnnorhoea, erectile failure
CNS: dizziness, sweating
results of muscle tension
tremor
headache
muscle pain
results of hyperventilation
CO2 deficit hypocapnia
numbness and tingling in extremities - may lead to carpopdeal spasm (frequent involuntary spasms of hands and feet caused by lower Ca levels brought about by hyperventilating)
SOB
sleep disturbance
initial insomnia
frequent waking
nightmares and night terrors
what are dissociative disorders
take the form of problems with memory, identity and emotion
can affect perception and behaviour and the person’s sense of self
symptoms can disrupt every area of functioning
examples of dissociative symptoms
the experience of detachment - someone feels outside their own body, can involve memory loss
what are dissociative disorders associated with
previous experiences of trauma
what are somatoform disorders
where a person experiences physical symptoms that can’t be explained by any underlying medical/neurological problems
difference between phobic anxiety disorders and general anxiety disorders
both have same core anxiety symptoms but:
- either occur in particular circumstances (PHOBIAS - agoraphobia, social phobia, specific phobias)
- OR occur persistently (GAD)
