Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychiatry > Anxiety Disorder > Flashcards

Anxiety Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

What are the psychological arousal symptoms of anxiety

A 
Fearful anticipation - worry before it happens
Irritable 
Sensitive to noise
Poor concentration 
Worrying thoughts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the GI autonomic symptoms

A 
Dry mouth
Swallowing issue 
Dyspepsia
Nausea
Frequent loose stools 
Epigastric pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are respiratory and CVS autonomic symptoms

A 
Tight chest
Difficulty inhaling 
Chest pain 
Palpitations 
Hyperventilation 
Hypercapnia
SOB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the genitourinary symptoms

A

Frequency of micturition
Amenorrhoea
Dysmenorrhoea
Erectile failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the CNS symptoms

A

Dizzy

Swellings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are other symptoms

A

Muscle tension - tremor / headache / pain
Sleep disturbance - nightmares, initial insomnia, frequent waking
Numbness / tingling due to carpopedal spasm (decreased Ca)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is GAD

A

Core anxiety symptoms
Persistent for several months - at least 3 weeks
Not confined to situation or object
Persistent anxiety in all situations that impairs functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are dominant symptoms in GAD

A 
Persistent nervousness
Trembling
Muscle tension
Palpitations 
DIzzy
Epigastric discomfort 
Restless / irritable
Sleep
Poor concentration 
Fatigue 
Somatic - hyperventilation / tachy / sweating 
Fears that relatives will get ill
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the differential for GAD / potential organic causes

A 
Panic disorder 
Depression
Substance misuse / drugs 
Excess caffeine 
Psychotic disorder 
Schizophrenia
Dementia
Hyperthyroid - check before Dx
Phaeochromocytoma
Hypoglycaemia
Asthma
Arrhythmia
Carcinoid syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What causes GAD and what is associated

A

Stress acting on predisposed personality

Biology - low GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter) + amygdala activation
Genetics
Childhood environment - abuse / separation / demand for high achievement
Stress - adverse life event / chronic disease

Associated with depression / OCD / substance misuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do you treat GAD

A

CBT = 1st line
SSRI if ineffective

Treat primary disorder first e.g. depression / substance misuse
Clear Mx plan - psycho-education + explanation
Education
- Avoid caffeine / alcohol
- Increase exercise / relaxation training
Self help / psychoeducation groups
Low intensity CBT
High intensity or drug Rx
SSRI = 1st line - sertraline
TCA
Try to avoid sedatives - only in crisis as dependency
BB = symptomatic Sx
Diazepam / Zopiclone (long acting) - short course for sleep
Refer to CMHT if severe with functional impairment / risk of self-harm / neglect / failure of Rx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is phobic anxiety diosrer

A

Core anxiety symptoms but only in certain situation

Leads to phobic avoidance and anticipatory anxiety if threat of encountering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the types of phobic disorder

A

Specific phobia
Social phobia - separation / height etc
Agrophobia = fear of station where difficult to escape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do phobic disorders often present with

A

Panic attacks so treat the same

CBT + SSRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does social phobia lead too

A

Anxiety where person feels observed
Avoidance of social situation where unfamiliar

Often 
Low self-esteem
Fear of criticism 
Blushing + tremor
Panic attacks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the treatment for phobic disorders

A

CBT = 1st line - graded exposure / relaxation
Education and advice
SSRI = 1st line Rx
Goal setting and motivation
Return to school ASAP
If specific + rare e.g. flying can give short term benzo

17
Q

What is OCD characterised by

A

> 1 hour or distress or functional impairment
Obsessional thoughts
- Unwelcome, persistent intrusive thoughts
Compulsive acts
- Repetitive physical or mental behaviour in response to obsession
Key anxiety symptoms if try to resist

18
Q

What is the epidemiology of OCD and what is associated

A

M=F
5HT (serotonin) receptor abnormalities
Depression / anxiety / anorexia / phobia / autism / Tourette’s

19
Q

How do you manage OCD

A

Treating depression often treats anxiety
Education and explanation
CBT - exposure and response prevention = 1st line
Seronerigc drugs at higher dose and longer
SSRI
TCA (clomapramine) if resistant

20
Q

What is PTSD

A

Delayed and or protracted reaction to a stressor of exceptional severity
Can have latency period
At least 1 month within 6 months of the stressor
Anxiety and depression common
F>M

21
Q

What are the three elements of PTSD

A

Hyperarousal - anxiety, irritable, insomnia, poor concentration

Re-experiencing phenomena - intensive intrusive repeated images, flashbacks, nightmares

Avoidance of reminders - emotional numbness, cue avoidance, recall difficulties, diminished interest

22
Q

What makes you more vulnerable to PTSD

A 
Genetic
Life threatening 
Degree of exposure
Mood disorder
Previous disorder
Lack of social support 
Female
23
Q

What is protective of PTSD

A

Higher education
High social group
Good paternal relationships

24
Q

How do you manage PTSD

A 
Screen survivors at one month 
Trauma focussed CBT = 1st line 
Eye movement desensitisation + reprocessing
Consider SSRI / TCA
Risperidone if severe
25
Q

How do you assess severity

A

Level of distress
Functional impairment
Number / severity / duration of symptoms

26
Q

What is panic disorder

A

Recurring unforeseen panic attacks followed by at least 1 month of worry OR change in behaviour
Usually on a background of no anxiety / mental disorder
Need 3 attacks in 3 weeks

27
Q

What is a panic attack

A

Abrupt fear or discomfort reaching peak in a few minutes
PLUS 4 of
SOB
Autonomic - sweating / tachy / palpitations
Fear dying / suffocation / impending doom
Hyperventilation = resp alkalosis + hypercapnia causing syncope
Urgent desire to flee
Muscle trembling
Chest pain
Nausea
Abdominal distress
Feeling faint / dizzy
Derealization
Numbness / tingling
Chills / hot flushes

28
Q

How do you treat panic disorder

A 
CBT = 1st line then SSRI 
If present to A+E do ECG + help slow breathing 
Self help 
Bibliotherapy
Support group
Exercise advice
CBT 
Relaxation 
SSRI = 1st line 
Nassa - Mirtazapine 
TCA if no response

AVOID Benzo as addictive but can help short term to break cycle

29
Q

What are co-morbid Sx with GAD

A 
Depression
OCD
Panic
Substance misuse
Physical health
30
Q

What are the A’s of anxiety

A

Amygala active
Anxious thought
Autonomic - sweating / breathing / tachy
Avoidance

31
Q

What is often co-morbid with PTSD

A 
Anxiety
Depression
Anger
SUbstance misuse
Unexplained physical sx
32
Q

What drugs could trigger panic

A 
Salbutamol
Theophylline
Steroid
Anti-depressant
Caffeine
33
Q

What questionnaire to asses severity of anxiety

A

GAD-7

Psychiatry (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions