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OT 304 > ANXIETY D/Os > Flashcards

ANXIETY D/Os Flashcards

1
Q

Earliest lvl of anxiety

A

Disintegration anxiety

  • fear that the self will fragment because others are not responding with needed affirmation and validation
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2
Q

perception that the self is being invaded and annihilated by an outside malevolent force

A

Persecutory anxiety

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3
Q

linked to the oedipal phase

father, may damage the little boy’s genitals or otherwise cause bodily harm

A

Castration anxiety

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4
Q

guilt feelings about not living up to internalized standards of moral behavior derived from the parents

A

superego anxiety

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5
Q

no specifically identifiable stimulus exists for a chronically anxious feeling

A

generalized anxiety

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6
Q

persons experience feelings of living in a purposeless universe

A

Existential Theories

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7
Q

Chronic sx (panic attacks, insomnia, startle, autonomic hyperarousal)

A

NOREPINEPHRINE

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8
Q

Stimulation of this area in the brain causes fear response

A

Locus ceruleus (in the rostral pons)

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9
Q

B-adrenergic receptor agonists and a2-adrenergic receptor antagonists

A

provoke severe panic attacks

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10
Q

clonidine (Catapres), an a2-receptor agonist

A

reduce anxiety sx

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11
Q

increased from psychological stress

mobilize and replenish energy stores and contributes to increased arousal, vigilance, focused attention, and memory formation

inhibition of the growth and reproductive system; and containment of the immune response

A

Cortisol

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12
Q

Alterations in ____ function have been demonstrated in PTSD.

A

HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS

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13
Q

blunted adrenocorticoid hormone (ACTH) responses to corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) found in px with?

A

Panic DO

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14
Q

One of the most important mediators of the stress response

A

CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (CRH)

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15
Q

coordinates the adaptive behavioral and physiological changes that occur during stress

A

CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (CRH)

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16
Q

Hypothalamic levels of ___ are increased by stress, resulting in activation of the HPA axis and increased release of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

A

CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (CRH)

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17
Q

inhibits a variety of neurovegetative functions, such as food intake, sexual activity, and endocrine programs for growth and reproduction

A

CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (CRH)

18
Q

Different types of acute stress result in increased ____ turnover

no clear pattern of abnormality of this in panic disorder

A

5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)

19
Q

cell bodies of most serotonergic neurons are located in?

A

Raphe nuclei (in the rostral brainstem)

20
Q

Role in anxiety disorders is most strongly supported by the undisputed efficacy of benzodiazepines

A

GABA

21
Q

enhance the activity of GABA at the GABA type A (GABAA ) receptor, in the treatment of some types of anxiety disorders

A

benzodiazepines

22
Q

low-potency benzodiazepines are most effective for __ while high-potency benzodiazepines are for __

A

GAD

Panic DO

23
Q

autonomic nervous system symptoms of anxiety disorders are induced when __ is administered

also causes anxiety in normal control volunteers

A

B-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (BCCE)

24
Q

a neurotrans model based on a sea snail that reacts to danger

when classically conditioned, shows measurable changes in presynaptic facilitation = the release of increased amounts of neurotransmitter

A

Aplysia

25
Q

a highly conserved 36-amino acid peptide, which is among the most abundant peptides found in mammalian brain.

A

Neuropeptide y (NPY)

26
Q

has counterregulatory effects on corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and LC-NE systems at brain sites that are important in the expression of anxiety, fear, and depression

A

Neuropeptide y (NPY)

27
Q

Evidence suggesting the involvement of the ___ in the anxiolytic effects of NPY, occuring via the NPY-Yl receptor

A

Amygdala

28
Q

Preliminary studies in special operations soldiers under extreme training stress indicate that high levels of this are associated with better performance

A

Neuropeptide y (NPY)

29
Q

a peptide involved in a number of physiological and behavioral functions, including learning and memory, pain control, food intake, neuroendocrine control, cardiovascular regulation, and, most recently, anxiety

A

Galanin

30
Q

Studies in rats have shown that ___ administered centrally modulates anxiety-related behaviors.

A

Galanin

31
Q

These 2 may be novel targets for antianxiety drug development

A

Galanin and NPY receptor agonists

32
Q

Brain Imaging Studies - structural studies i.e. CT and MRI - show increase in size of ___ among anxiety DOs

A

cerebral ventricles

33
Q

lobe affected in patients with panic disorder.

A

right temporal lobe

34
Q

fMRI (PET, SPECT, EEG) - show abnormalities in these brain regions of px w/ anxiety DO

For panic DO, at:

A

frontal cortex; the occipital and temporal areas

Parahippocampal gyrus

35
Q

Involved in pathophysio of OCD

A

caudate nucleus

36
Q

Involved in pathophysio of PTSD and assoc w/ FEAR

A

amygdala

37
Q

recognized as a predisposing factor in the development of anxiety disorders

A

Heredity

38
Q

project primarily to the limbic system and the cerebral cortex

become the focus of hypothesis-forming about the neuroanatomical substrates of anxiety disorders

A

locus ceruleus and the raphe nuclei

39
Q

increased activity of this in the limbic sys. may lead to anxiety

A

septohippocampal pathway

40
Q

part of the limbic sys implicated particularly in the pathophysiology of OCD

A

cingulate gyrus

41
Q

Frontal cerebral cortex is connected with (3) and thus may be involved in the production of anxiety disorders

A

parahippocampal region, the cingulate gyrus, and the hypothalamus

42
Q

temporal lobe epilepsy assoc with

A

OCD

OT 304 (2 decks)

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