Anxiety and Pain psychology Flashcards
Describe the behaviourism theory of learning
All behaviours are learned through interaction with the environment as a stimulus-response, focusing on observable behaviours
Conditioning falls into which theory of learning?
Behaviourism
what is the difference between classical and operant conditioning
Operant conditioning is changes in behaviour learnt by consequences (‘carrot and the stick’), classical is a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired
How does positive and negative consequences fit into operant conditioning?
Not the same as reward and punishment, positive is the addition of a stimulus (such as receiving a treat) and negative is the removal of a stimulus (no homework)
Explain stimulus generalisation and a dental example
Similar stimulus to the conditioned stimulus can cause a response: White coat syndrome
What is high order conditioning?
Conditioned response evoked by new stimulus that is paired with a conditioned stimulus that already elicits the response (e.g. cringing at name of dentist)
Give the flaws in behaviourism learning theory
Knowledge is given and absolute, patient is passive, doesn’t take into account intrinsic factors (personality, genetics)
Define cognitivism
Conditioned response evoked by new stimulus that is paired with a conditioned stimulus that already elicits the response
What is social learning theory?
What we do is based on what we see: Live, verbal( what we here), images in the media e.t.c
Give the flaws in social learning theory
Does not take into account individuality, context and experience, suggests students/patients learn best as passive receivers of sensory stimuli, as opposed to being active learners , emotions and motivation are not considered important or connected to learning
what study showed anxiety made it harder to distinguish between sensation and pain?
Dworkin & Chen (1982): tooth pulp shock was delivered in laboratory and clinical situations. Significantly heightened pain was observed in the clinical dental setting
What are some of the problems with questionnaire-style anxiety measurements?
People can lie or just not want to believe their own anxiety, social desirability, central tendency bias (just going neutral on questions)
What is the most common measurement technique?
The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), 5 questions based on different aspects of a dental procedure
Name an issue with the dental anxiety inventory.
They could have been ok coming in but looking at a big list of the scary parts and asking your responses could cause anxiety you didn’t have initially
What are the three areas of the dental belief survey
Professionalism (e.g. the competency of the dentist), communication (I don’t know what is happening) and lack of control