Anxiety Flashcards

1
Q

panic disorder

A

Sudden overwhelming episodes of anxiety that include both somatic and psychic elements - along with worry about either the implication of the attack or about having future attacks

Can occur with or without agoraphobia

Lifetime prevalence = 1.5% - 3.5%

Female:Male = 2:1

Age of Onset = typically early adulthood (

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

Excessive worry and more generalized somatic symptoms of anxiety (Worry, Anxiety, Tension)

Approximately 75-90% comorbid with other psychiatric disorders (most commonly depression)

Chronic condition with estimated lifetime prevalence = 5.1%

Female:Male = 2:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

social phobia

A

Overwhelming anxiety in situations where one would have to interact with others, be
the center of attention, or perform in front of others

Not “shyness”

Lifetime prevalence = 13.5%

Only 1 - 2% of sufferers seek treatment

Fears:
Performing in front of others
Being the center of attention
Eating in public
Writing in public
Using public restroom (particularly in men)
Using telephone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

-Obsessions or compulsions or both

-Obsessions: recurrent, persistent thoughts,
images, or impulses that are intrusive and cause
anxiety

-Compulsions: repetitive behaviors or mental acts that are performed in order to reduce anxiety

Lifetime prevalence = 2.5%
Age of onset late adolescence or early adulthood (earlier for males)

Long lagtime between onset of symptoms and diagnosis (up to 10 years)

~25% of Childhood onset is result of PANDAS
(Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Strep)

High comorbidity with Tourette’s Disorder
 35 -50% of Tourette’s patients have OCD
 Only 5-7% of OCD patients have Tourette’s, although 20-30% have history of tics
 Suggests basal ganglia disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

types of anxiety

A
panic anxiety
generalized anxiety
conditioned anxiety
anticipatory anxiety
social anxiety
situational anxiety
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Biological theories of anxiety

A

Sympathetic system
 Simple autonomic dysregulation unlikely
 Locus coeruleus
 Dysregulated noradrenergic function

GABA-benzodiazepine system
 Decreased BZD receptor binding in hippocampus in panic patients
 Decreased BZD receptor binding in prefrontal cortex during panic attack

Neurocircuitry of Fear
 Integrates neurochemical, imaging, and treatment findings
Fear Generation – Amygdalocortical interactions
Fear Extinction – Orbitofrontal Cortex & Prefrontal Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sx of panic attack

A
  • Palpitations, pounding heart, or tachycardia
  • shortness of breath or sensation of smothering
  • sweating
  • trembling or shaking
  • feeling of choking
  • chest pain or discomfort
  • nausea or abdominal distress
  • dizziness, feeling faint
  • paresthesias chills or hot flushes
  • derealization or depersonalization
  • fear of losing control or going crazy
  • fear of dying
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Treatment of panic disorder

A

Pharmacologic:

  • BDZ
  • TCADs
  • MAOIs
  • Serotonin specific reuptake inhibitors
  • Serotonin Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

Non-Pharm:
CBT (panic reduction therapy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

GAD treatment

A
Pharm:
Benzodiazepines
Buspirone
TCAs
MAOIs
SNRIs
SSRIs

Non-Pharm:
CBT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment of Social phobia

A
Pharm:
Benzodiazepines
Beta blockers
MAOIs
SSRIs

Non-Pharm Treatment
-CBT (esp group therapy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment of OCD

A

Pharm

  • Clomipramine
  • SSRIs
  • Augmentation w/ atypical antipsychotics

Non-Pharm

  • Behavioral therapy (exposure, response prevention)
  • Neurosurgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly