Anxiety

Question 0

What is cognitive anxiety?

Answer 0

• Any change of thought from them performer (usually negative)
• usually happens prior to an event
• nervousness apprehension and difficulty concentrating

Question 1

What are the different types of anxiety?

Answer 1

• cognitive anxiety
• somatic anxiety
• trait anxiety
• state anxiety
• competitive trait anxiety

Question 2

What is somatic anxiety?

Answer 2

• Change of physiological response experienced by the performer
• increase blood pressure and heart rate

Question 3

What is trait anxiety?

Answer 3

• General disposition of a performer to perceive a situation as threatening
• genetically inherited
• those with high trait anxiety more likely to become anxious than those with low trait anxiety
• also referred as A trait

Question 4

What is state anxiety

Answer 4

• occurs when a performer is placed in no specific situation
• linked to the performers mood and can alter from moment to moment
• also referred to as A state

Question 5

What is competitive trait anxiety

Answer 5

• tendency of the performer to perceive competitive situations as threatening and respond with feelings of apprehension or tension
• an individual with high trait anxiety is more likely to experience high state anxiety
• can only occur in competitive situations as they feel that they are being evaluated or judged

Question 6

What are the three ways to measure stress levels and anxiety?

Answer 6

1) observation
2) biofeedback
3) self-report questionnaires

Question 7

What does observation of a performer involve?

Answer 7

• subjective but allows the performer to be assed in the actual performance situation
• two types of behaviour will be recorded: individual behaviour and aspects of performance
• performance is analysed and patterns are recorded

Question 8

What are drawbacks of using observations?

Answer 8

• there should be several observers to ensure all aspects of performance are noted
• performer should be well known by observers to enable them to determine any unusual characteristics and behaviours

Question 9

What is individual behaviour?

Answer 9

Behaviours usually associated with nervousness e.g. Fidgeting, changes of speech pattern and increased aggression

Question 10

What is aspects of performance

Answer 10

Execution of skilled actions such as accuracy of passing, decision making and reaction time

Question 11

What is biofeedback

Answer 11

• monitors the physiological responses of the performer

* data is collected e.g. Heart rate and sweat production

Question 12

What are the drawbacks of biofeedback

Answer 12

• difficulty recording information during competitive performance
• the potential changes in a laboratory and competing are incomparable

Question 13

What are self report questionnaires?

Answer 13

• performers answering a number of questions concerning their emotions in specific situations
• easy and cheap administration
• large amounts can be completed at once
• STAI, SCAT, CSAI-2

Question 14

What are drawbacks of using questionnaires

Answer 14

• Individuals may misinterpret questions
• may answer questions to sound in a good light
• the time of completion may influence responses
• answers may not cater for the experiences of the individual

Question 15

What is the STAI questionnaire?

Answer 15

• state trait anxiety inventory
• 20 statements to asses state anxiety
• 20 statements to asses trait anxiety

Question 16

What is the SCAT questionnaire?

Answer 16

• sport competition anxiety test
• measure competitive trait anxiety of a performer in a pre-competitive sporting environment
• 15 statements

Question 17

What is the CSAI-2 questionnaire

Answer 17

• individuals state anxiety and corresponding behaviour activities
• cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety as well as self confidence
• completed up to an hour before the event