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Psych Exam 2 > Anxiety > Flashcards

Anxiety Flashcards

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1
Q

neurotransmitters involved in anxiety

A

< GABA

possibly epi & norepi

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2
Q

causes of anxiety

A 
gentics
neurotransmitter imbalance
learned response
traumatic experiences
untreated depression
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3
Q

anxiety disorders

A 
GAD
panic disorder
specific phobias
social phobias
OCD
PTSD
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4
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A 
excessive anxiety about everyday problems occuring more days than not for 6+ months with 3+ of the following symptoms:
restlessness
fatigue
difficulty concentrating
irritability
muscle tension
sleep disturbance
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5
Q

GAD

A

affects twice as many women as men

highest risk between childhood & middle age

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6
Q

panic disorder

A

main symptom - recurrent panic attacks

3x more common in women

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7
Q

panic attack symptoms

A 
must have 4+:
difficulty breating
chest pain
feeling of terror
choking or smothered feeling
tingling/numbness
fear of losing control/dying
dizziness
sweating
nausea
chills/hot flashes
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8
Q

1+ panic attack is followed by 1+ months of:

A

persistant concern of additional panic attaccks
persistant worry about implications of attack or consequences
significant change in behavior r/t attacks

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9
Q

specific phobias

A

marked & persistant fear of a particular object of situation
person realizes fear is excessive
combination of avoidance, anticipations, & anxiety interferes with their ability to function

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10
Q

social phobia

A

fearful of social situations often accompanied by other anxiety disorders or depression
affects men & women equally
usually begins in childhood/early adolescence

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11
Q

obsessions

A

recurrent & persistant thoughts, impulses, or images experienced as intrusive & inappropriate tha cause marked anxiety or stress

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12
Q

compulsions

A

repetitive behaviors

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13
Q

PTSD

A

person has been exposed to a traumatic event in which they:

  • experienced, witnessed, or was confronted w/ an event involving actual/threatened death to self/others
  • responded w/ fear, helplessness, horror
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14
Q

PTSD criteria

A

traumatic event is persistantly re-experienced in 1+ ways:

  • recurrent/intrusive distressing recollections of the event including images, thoughts, or perceptions
  • recurrent dreams of the event
  • flashback episodes
  • intense distress & physical symptoms at the panic level
  • persistant avoidance of stimuli associated w/ trauma
  • persistant symptoms of increased arousal
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15
Q

somatoform disorders

A

physical symptoms w/o a physiological basis

  • physical symptoms are precipitated by a psychological event
  • symptoms not controllable
  • primary & secondary gain
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16
Q

primary gain

A

anxiety reduction through the focus on physical symptoms - able to deny psychological stress

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17
Q

secondary gain

A

increased attention to pt, pt is able to relax more

18
Q

somatization disorder

A

many physical complaints; often search many years for tx

- onset generally before 30

19
Q

conversion disorder

A

impaired physical health w/o a physical problem

20
Q

pain disorder

A

experiences pain where there is no physical basis

- disrupts daily activities

21
Q

hypochondriasis

A

pt is preoccupied w/ the fear that something is seriously wrong, regardless of negative test results

22
Q

dissociation

A

the mind separates certain memories or thoughts from conscious awareness
- they may surface at a later time

23
Q

dissociative fugue

A

a person who suddenly travels to another area and has no memory of their identity

24
Q

DID (multiple personality)

A

2+ distinct personalities (alters)

inablility to recall info about past, esp traumatic events

25
Q

OCD interventions

A

substitue a physically safe behavior for harmful ones

if not harmful, call attention to the compulsions

acknowledge pt’s feelings but try to redirect interaction

allow specific time periods to focus on obsessions/compulsions and gradually decrease time

26
Q

panic interventions

A

provide safe, calm environment

decrease environmental stimuli

stay w/ pt

admin meds as prescribed

listen & encourage to discuss feelings

correc tdistortions

ID thoughts/feelings prior to panic

provide physical activities

27
Q

phobia interventions

A

reassure pt - do not have to face phobia until ready

help distinguish actual phobia trigger from problems r/t avoidnce behaviors

explain systematic desensitization

address any avoidance behaviors if they persist after desensitization

28
Q

PTSD interventions

A

spend time w/ pt at their pace

remain non-judgemental

listen attentively/avoid interrupting

encourage expression of feelings

29
Q

somatoform disorder interventions

A

minimize attn spent on physical complaints & focus on psychological issues

remind pt “if mind feels better, so will body”

gradually connect anxiety to physical complaints

30
Q

benzo anxiolytic - action

A

increase GABA

31
Q

benzo anxiolytic - intentional effects

A

decrease anxiety
treat pani
alcohol detox
sedation

32
Q

benzo anxiolytic - side effects

A 
drowsy/confused
tolerance -- dependence
potentiate otehr CNS depressants
aggravate depression
orthostatic hypotension
dizziness, ataxia
pardoxical excitement
dry mouth
nausea/vomiting
blood dyscrasias
33
Q

benzo anxiolytic - toxic effects

A

can cause respiratory depression if taken with other CNS depressants

34
Q

benzo anxiolytic - contraindications

A

combo w/ other CNS depressants
renal/hepatic dysfunction
hx of drug abuse
depression/suicidal tendencies

35
Q

benzo anxiolytic - teaching

A

only take short term
avoid alcohol/CNS depressants
impairs driving
taper off slowly to avoid withdrawal

36
Q

commonly used benzo anxiolytics

A 
Chlordiazepoxide HCl
Diazepam
Alprazolam
Lorazepam
Conazepam
37
Q

non-benzo anxiolytics - action

A

acts on serotonin

38
Q

non-benzo anxiolytics - intentional effects

A

decrease anxiety

augmentation of antidepressant therapy

39
Q

non-benzo anxiolytics - side effects

A 
dizziness
nausea
headache
nervous
lightheadedness
dry mouth
diarrhea
excitement
40
Q

non-benzo anxiolytics - toxicity

A

almost impossible - therapeutic dose 160x less than lethal dose

41
Q

non-benzo anxiolytics - contraindications

A

pregnant/nursing
kidney/liver disease
MAIO’s

42
Q

commonly used non-benzo anxiolytics

A

Buspirone

Psych Exam 2 (6 decks)

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