Antomy - Endocrine Flashcards
What does the intermediate pituitary lobe produce
Melanin
What cells are found in the pancreas?
Acinar cells, ductal cells and endocrine cells (beta, delta, alpha and pp cells)
What are the endocrine tissues in the pancreas called
Pancreatic islets
What are the exocrine tissues in the pancreas called?
Acini
What cells are present in the parathyroid gland?
Chief cells and oxyphil cells
What hormone is produced by the parathyroid gland? What is this hormone’s function?
Parathyroid hormone and it’s function is to regulate low calcium levels in the body.
What are the clusters of chief cells arranged as in the parathyroid gland.
Cords or nests
Which cell has densely packed mitochondria in the cytoplasm that gives it a granular appearance?
Oxyphil cells
What is found in the anterior pituitary gland?
Capillaries, reticulin fibres and acidophils
What is found in the posterior pituitary?
Herring body, blood vessels and pituicytes (glial cells)
What is a herring body?
A herring body is an extended body of a synapse
What is contained in the herring body?
ADH, oxytocin, and acetylcholine
What is a chromophobe?
A retired cell that doesn’t want to do anything
A cell has a purple nucleus and a pink cytoplasm. What cell is this?
Eosinophilic cell
A cell has a purple nucleus and purple cytoplasm. What cell is this?
A basophilic cell
A cell has a purple nucleus and a magenta cytoplasm. What cell is this?
An amphophilic cell
A cell has a purple nucleus and a clear cytoplasm. What cell is this?
Chromophobic cell
What hormone does a coticotroph secrete? Is a corticotroph basophilic?
Corticotrophs are basophilic and they secrete ACTH.
What do gonadotrophs secrete? Is this cell eosinophilic?
Gonadotrophs are basophilic and they secrete LH and FSH.
What do lactotrophs secrete? Are they eosinophilic?
Lactotrophs are esinophilic and they secrete prolactin which stimulates milk production.
What do somatotrophs secrete? Are these cells basophilic.
No, these cells are eosinophilic and they secrete growth hormone
What is contained in the colloid in the thyroid gland?
Colloids contain a gel like substance that contains thyroglobulin which is a precursor to the thyroid hormone.
What hormones are produced by the thyroid hormone?
Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) and calcitonin
What do alpha cells produce?
Glucagon
What do delta cells produce?
Somatostatin
What do beta cells produce?
Insulin
What to PP cells produce?
Pancreatic polypeptide
What cell is most prominent in the endocrine pancreas?
Beta cells
What is special about delta cells?
Delta calls have an elongated nucleus and have little cytoplasm:
What is the location of the adrenal gland?
On top of the kidneys
What is the outer zone of the adrenal gland?
Zona Glomerulosa
What is the middle zone of the adrenal gland?
Zona fasculata
What is the inner most zone of the adrenal gland?
Medulla
What is next to the medulla in the adrenal gland?
Zona reticularis
Where are the lipid-rich cells found?
Zona fasculata and the Zona reticularis
Where are the chromaffin cells found in the adrenal gland?
The medulla
What catecholmines are found in the chromaffin cells?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Why are endocrine glands rich in blood?
So they they can transport their hormones easier and faster
What hormone is in the Zona glomerulosa?
Aldosterone
What hormone is in the Zona fasculata
Cortisol
What hormone is in the Zona reticularis?
Androgens
What hormone is in the medulla?
Catecholmines
What do parafolicular cells produce?
Calcitonin
Where is the thyroid gland located?
The neck region
How are the follicular cells arranged?
Follicular cells like the outside of a colloid
Dose the eosinophilic cytoplasm of chief cells indicate their protein rich content?
Yes
What is larger?
Chief cells or oxyphil cells
Oxyphil cells
Are fat cells found in the parathyroid gland?
Yes
What is the role of the adrenal gland?
Production of hormones that regulate stress response, metabolism, and electrolyte balance
