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Pharm 5 > antivirals > Flashcards

antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of agents are used to treat herpes infection

A

(DNA viruses) ciclovirs, cyclovirs

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2
Q

ciclovirs and cyclovirs are all _____

A

enzyme inhibitors

inhibit viral DNA polymerase

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3
Q

herpes simplex and herpes zoster virus

A

acyclovir
valacyclovir
famciclovir

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4
Q

these herpes drugs are highly specific for viral enzymes T.F

A

true

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5
Q

most prescribed antiviral

A

acyclovir

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6
Q

acyclovir is a _____

A

prodrug

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7
Q

acyclovir MOA

A

must be phosphoylated by viral kinase. active form incorporated into DNA virus and inhibits viral DNA polymerase.

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8
Q

S.E. of acyclovir

A

Gi upset
renal damage
CNS problems- deliaria when IV

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9
Q

valacyclovir is a _____

A

prodrug

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10
Q

valacyclovir MOA

A

metabolized by first pass metabolism to acyclovir

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11
Q

how do you give valacyclovir?

A

orally

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12
Q

famciclovir is a ____

A

prodrug

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13
Q

famciclovir is converted to what

A

acyclovir analog

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14
Q

cytomegalovirus can cause what

A

CMV retinitis/ blindness

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15
Q

agents used to treat cytomegalovirus are all what

A

enzyme inhibitors, inhibits viral DNA polymerase

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16
Q

cytomegalovirus agents

A

ganciclovir
valganciclovir
cidofovir
foscarnet

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17
Q

ganciclovir and valganciclovir are what

A

prodrugs

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18
Q

T/F cidofovir is a prodrug

A

FALSE

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19
Q

how is ganciclovir activated

A

by viral kinase

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20
Q

S.E. of ganciclovir

A

neutropenia
thrombocytopenia
teratogen

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21
Q

valganciclovir is converted to what by viral kinase

A

ganciclovir

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22
Q

T/F foscarnet does not need to be phosphylated

A

TRUE

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23
Q

foscarnet MOA

A

directly inhibits viral DNA polymerase

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24
Q

S.E. of foscarnet

A

Nephrotoxicity, given IV 3 times per day

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25
Q

how is foscarnet given?

A

IV 3 times per day

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26
Q

should you use foscarnet with other nephrotoxic drugs?

A

NO

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27
Q

cidofovir is different in terms of activation how?

A

phosphylated by HOST cell kinase, which is not as good.

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28
Q

S.E. of cidofovir

A

nephrotoxicity

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29
Q

what kind of viruses are Hep B virus

A

DNA virus that replicate through RNA intermediate. DNA to RNA to DNA

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30
Q

hep B viral agents work how

A

inhibit enzyme, reverse transcriptase.

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31
Q

agents used to treat Hep B

A 
LATTE
Lamivudine
adefovir
telbivudine
tenofovir
entecavir
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32
Q

S.E. of adefovir

A

liver damage

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33
Q

telbivudine, tenofovir, and entecavir all used for what

A

HIV treatment

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34
Q

discontinuing drugs used for Hep B can lead to what

A

flare up

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35
Q

S.E. of agents used to HIV treatment, telbivudine, tenofovir, entecavir

A

lactic acidosis

hepatomegaly

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36
Q

RNA viruses

A

respiratory syncitial virus

influenza virus A and B

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37
Q

most common cause of pnemonia in kids less than one year old is what

A

respiratory syncitial virus

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38
Q

RSV agents

A

ribavirin

palivizumab

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39
Q

ribavirin MOA

A

inhibits RNA dependent DNA polymerase

40
Q

ribavirin used for what

A

severe lower respiratory tract infecetion

41
Q

S.E. of ribavirin

A

preg catagory X
hemolytic anemia
decrease pulmonary function in infants
cardiac arrest

42
Q

palivisumab MOA

A

blocks fusion of virus with target cell.

43
Q

ribavirin and palivisumab are both really

44
Q

paliviszumab only used ____

A

prophylactically - baby born from mother with RSV

45
Q

inflenza A virus agents

A

amantadine
rimantadine
also used in parkinsons

46
Q

rimantadine/amatadine MOA

A

blocks transporter/ ion channel (H+ channel)

47
Q

S.E. of amantadine and rimantadine

A

renal failure
teratogen
CNS effects- dizziness, confusion, seizures, nausea

48
Q

influenza A and B viruses agents

A

zanamivir

oseltamivir

49
Q

zanamivir

oseltamivir MOA

A

inhibit neuraminidase (keeps bond from being broken, virus cant release from host cell) no spread of infection

50
Q

S.E. of zanamivir

oseltamivir

A

nausea, diarrhea, psychosis, hallucinations

51
Q

single most cause of liver disease is what

A

hepatitis virus

52
Q

hepatitis virus agents

A

recombinant interferon alpha

53
Q

recombinant interferon alpha is a ______

A

cytokine, multiple MOA

54
Q

recombinant interferon alpha does what to immune cell function

55
Q

recombinant interferon alpha MOA

A

enhances immune cell functions

inhibits mRNA processing by ribosome- decreases virus synthesis

56
Q

S.E. of recombinant interferon alpha

A 
fatigue
flu like symptoms
depression
hypertension
retinopathy
mylosuppression
57
Q

other hepatitis agents

A

boceprevir
telaprevir
simeprevir
sofosbuvir

58
Q

boceprevir
telaprevir
simeprevir all have same MOA what is it

A

Hep C virus protease inhibitor

59
Q

how are all of these drugs used?
boceprevir
telaprevir
simeprevir,

A

in combination with interferon alpha

60
Q

sofosbuvir is a _____

61
Q

sofosbuvir MOA

A

inhibits hep C virus RNA dependent RNA polymerase

62
Q

what is the newest/best treatment for hep C

A

ledipasvir + sofosbuvir

63
Q

ledipasvir MOA

A

binds to protein, necessary for hep C virus replication and prevents its activity.

64
Q

HIV agents called Nucleoside analog reverse transcrpitase inhibitors (NRTI) also NNRTI’s

A 
DAZLEST
Didanosine
abacavir
zidovuldine
lamivudine
emtricitabine
stavudine
telbivudine
65
Q

NRTI’s are all

A

enzyme inhibitors

66
Q

all NRTI’s can cause

A

hepatomegaly and lactic acidosis

67
Q

other S.E. of NRTI’s

A

muscle damage
anemias
pancratitis
some neuro pathities

68
Q

all NRTI’s are _____ in the cell

A

phosphylated

69
Q

what is a NRTI that is already phosphylated but has same side effects

70
Q

non nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitors NNRTI 1st gen

A

nevirapine
efavirenz
delavirdine

71
Q

NNRTI 2nd gen

A

etravirine

rilpivirine

72
Q

nevirapine MOA

A

binds to non active sites on RT

73
Q

S.E. of nevirapine

A

hepatoxicity, steve johnson syndrome

74
Q

delavirdine S.E.

A

inhibits P450, same S.E. as above

75
Q

efavirenz S.E.

A

CNS toxicity, hallucinations, memory loss, rash

76
Q

how are 2nd gen better than 1st gen

A

more potent, longer t 1/2, less S.E.

77
Q

protease inhibitors

A

prevent formation of active viral proteins from their peptide precursors

78
Q

protease inhibitor agents

A 
saquinavir
ritonavir
"navir" and the end
tipranavir
fosamprenavir
79
Q

most “navir”s inhibit what

80
Q

how do you use these protease inhibitors

A

use with ritonavir, decreases dose of drug needed. and also always used with RT inhibitors

81
Q

saquinavir administration problems

A

given orally but doesnt absorb well at atll. 4%. have to take 18 pills a day.

82
Q

ritonavir most known for

A

most potent P450 inhibitor

83
Q

what drug is the most potent P450 inhibitor

84
Q

tipranavir and fosamprenavir contain what

A

sulfur molecules, could cause allergic reactions.

85
Q

S.E. of all protease inhibitors like ritonavir and other “navir”

A

inhibit P450
alter fat distribution (like glucocorticoid guy)
increase diabetes

86
Q

Fusion inhibitors agents

A

enfuvirtide

maraviroc

87
Q

enfuvirtide MOA

A

binding to specific site on virus that binds to target, prevents fusion

88
Q

enfuvirtide S.E.

89
Q

how do you give enfuvirtide

A

injection, two times a day

90
Q

maravioc MOA

A

blocks binding site on macrophage

91
Q

S.E. of maravioc

A

hepatotoxicity
allergic reactions
increase heart attack

92
Q

integrase inhibitor work how

A

inhibits HIV-1 integrase- dont get insertion of viral genes in human genome

93
Q

integrase inhibitor agents

A

reltegravir

“tegravir”

94
Q

what is HAART stand for

A

highly activated antiretroviral therapy

95
Q

what is HAART

A

combination therapy
1/2 protease inhibitors
1/2 RT inhibitors and maybe 1 fusion inhibitor

Pharm 5 (3 decks)

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