antifungal Flashcards
skin fungal infections called
dermatomycosis
what can cause dermatomycosis
immune deficiencies, transplant, large does antibacterials
targets of anti fungal agents
microtubules
cell wall
cell membrane
nucleus
what does fungal cell walls contain
ergosterol
dermatomycoses
sacrophites
skin fungal use what as energy source
keratin
ringworm is….
fungal infection of the skin, raised mark in a circle on skin
fungal infection of mucus membrane called what
candidiosis
agents that are used topically to treat skin infections
polyene antibiotics
for ringworm
for candida and ringworm
polyene antibiotics
nystatin
amphotericin B
natamycin
for ringworm
tolnaftate
ciclopirox
terbinafine
for candida and ringworm
miconazole and other “conazole” s
nystatin and other polyene MOA
bind to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes and will form pores, causing membrane leakage
what ways can you give nystatin?
orally if its an infection of the gut
mainly topical
too toxic for parental use
can you give nystatin perentally?
NO
what is aphotericin B used for
systemically
what is natamycin used for?
antifungal used for the eye
what way are terbinafine, miconazole used?
systemically (why they are in the topically section i have no fucking clue)
agents that are given systemically to treat fungal infections of the skin
griseofluvin
terbinafine
how is amphotericin B used
systemically for systemic fungal infections
griseofluvin used for treatment of what
toe/finger nail fungal infections, dont want to take nail off or drill hole in nail so you use medicine systemically
griseofluvin MOA
binds to fungal microtubules and inhibits fungal mitosis
T/F griseofluvin is absorbed well and not excreated
FALSE, not absorbed well and most excreated unchanged.
griseofluvin is taken up by what?
growing human skin cells and concentrated in keratin
S.E. of griseofluvin
headache
induce P450
derived from penicillin mold, allergic rxn
terbinafine is a ____
enzyme inhibitor
terbinafine MOA
inhibits enzyme squaline expoidase, inhibits ergosterol synthesis
S.E. of terbinafine
inhibits P450
T/F squaline is toxic
true
some systemic mycoses
histoplasmosis
candida
aspergillas
mycomycosis
what is the DOC for systemic fungal infections
amphotericin B
how do you give amphotericin B
2-4 month slow IV or interthecal, not absorbed orally.
amphotericin B is an fungalcidal T/F
true
S.E. of amphotericin B
“amphoteribble”- impaired renal function- can kill kidney if you use this drug with other nephrotoxic drugs
fever, chills, headache, vomiting
anemia
azoles
derivatives the conazoles
two groups of azoles
imidazoles
triazoles
imidazoles
ketoconazole
triazoles
fluconazole itraconazole posaconazole voriconazole flucytosine
ketoconazole is a _____
enzyme inhibitior
ketoconazole MOA
inhibits lanosterol 14- alpha dexmethlane synthase, inhibits ergosterol synthase
S.E. of ketoconazole
Gi upset- nausea inhibits P450 hepatotoxicity decreases cortisol and testosterone- used to treat cushing and prostatic cancer (GIH)
what drug is used to treat prostatic cancer and cushing disease?
ketoconazole
triazoles have ____ effect on P450 than imidazoles
less
triazoles are _____
fungistatic
fluconazole
least to lowest effect on human P450
S.E. of fluconazole
tetrogenic
hallucinations
liver damage
itraconazole
strongest effect on human P450
S.E. of itraconazole
heart
worsens CHF or arrythmias
S.E. of voriconazole
cause visual disturbances.
flucytosine is a
pyrimidine analog, prodrug
flucytosine MOA
inhibits thymidine synthesis in fungi. converted to 5-flurouracil in fungus- inhibits enzyme thymidilate synthase
flucytosine is used with what
amphoteracin B
T/F terbinafine is a what
allylamine
echinocandins
caspofungin
micafungin
anidulafungin
anidulafungin MOA
inhibits enzyme. inhibits synthesis of fungal cell wall components
how is anidulafungin given
slow IV- 91 hours
S.E. of anidulafungin
rash
fever
fetal damage
