Antivirals Flashcards
Name the 3 antivirals used to treat herpesviruses. Which viruses are they used to treat?
Acyclovir (HSV, VZV), ganciclovir (CMV), foscarnet (HSV, VZV, and CMV)
Name the neuraminidase inhibitor. What virus is it used to treat?
Oseltamivir; against influenza virus (A, B, H1N1)
Name 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). What viruses do they work against?
Lamivudine (3TC) and zidovudine (ZDV, AZT); both can treat HIV, lamivudine also treats HBV
Name the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). What virus is it used to treat?
Efavirenz; HIV
Name the 4 protease inhibitors. What viruses do they work against?
Ritonavir and amprenavir: HIV;
Boceprevir and telaprevir: Hepatitis C
Name the 2 fusion inhibitors. What virus are they used to treat?
Enfuvirtide and maraviroc; HIV
Name the integrase inhibitor. What virus is it used to treat?
Raltegravir; HIV
Specifically, what receptors are blocked by enfuvirtide and maraviroc to inhibit HIV fusion with human cells?
Enfuvirtide - gp41;
Maraviroc - CCR5
What is a potential side effect of using acyclovir, esp. in renal failure patients?
CNS toxicity, including seizures and confusion
What are some potential side effects of using ganciclovir?
CNS toxicity, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
What are some potential side effects of using foscarnet?
CNS and renal toxicity
What are some potential side effects of using oseltamivir?
CNS toxicity (neuropsychiatric problems) and GI irritation
List the 3 types of drugs usually used in HAART.
NRTIs (lamivudine, zidovudine; use 2), NNRTIs (efavirenz), and protease inhibitors (ritonavir, amprenavir)
What is a side effect of all the protease inhibitors (ritonavir, amprenavir, boceprevir, and telaprevir)?
Lipodystrophy syndrome: hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and unhealthy fat distribution
