Antibiotics: Targets Flashcards
What is the drug of choice for treating syphilis?
Penicillin V (or G for i.v. administration)
What are the drugs of choice for treating non-VRE enterococci / group D strep infections?
Ampicillin or Amoxicillin (broad spectrum penicillins / aminopenicillins)
What is the first-line drug for a simple GAS pharyngitis (strep throat)?
Penicillin V (or G for i.v. administration)
What drugs are best used to treat community-acquired abscesses and cellulitis (likely to involve S. aureus and group A strep)?
Very narrow spectrum / penicillinase-resistant penicillins and 1st generation cephalosporins
What drugs are best used to treat acute sinusitis (likely to involve H. flu and Moraxella)?
Broad spectrum penicillins / aminopenicillins
What drugs are best used to treat recurrent sinusitis, acute sinusitis in a COPD patient, and complicated abscesses or cellulitis (ex. foot ulcers with poor circulation)?
Penicillin + suicide inhibitors (amoxicillin-clavulunate, piperacillin-tazobactam) and 2nd generation cephalosporins
What drugs cover the same Gram(+) organisms as aminopenicillins, but cover more Gram(-) organisms also?
Extended spectrum penicillins (piperacillin); 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins are similar
List 3 drugs/classes that you should think of when faced with infection of a chronic indwelling catheter or with Gram(-) sepsis.
Extended spectrum penicillins (piperacillin), 3rd generation cephalosporins (esp. ceftazadime), and aminoglycosides (first line for immediate Gram(-) treatment)
What drug is mostly used in ICU patients who need broad coverage of all Gram(-) and Gram(+) organisms? What is one notable organism that it does NOT cover?
Imipenem (carbapenem): covers almost everything except MRSA
If a patient presents to the hospital with Gram(-) pneumonia and renal dysfunction, what is a good drug to start them on?
Aztreonam (monobactam)
What drug is useful for treating complicated Staph (MRSA), Enterococcus (ampicillin resistant), and C. difficile (metronidazole resistant) infections?
Vancomycin (glycopeptide)
What 5 drug classes can be used to treat MRSA?
Glycopeptide, tetracycline, macrolides, clindamycin, linezolid
Name 2 drugs used to treat VRSA.
Daptomycin, Linezolid
Name 4 drug classes that are primarily used to treat Gram(-) infections: so they work on pseudomonas, but not on C. difficile
Monobactam, colistin, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones
Which drug is best for a cystic fibrosis patient with resistant pseudomonas infection?
Colistin
Which 2 drug classes are the best choice for treating intracellular pathogens like mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella, and rickettsia?
Tetracyclines and macrolides
Which drug is effective against all Gram(+) anaerobes except C. difficile?
Clindamycin (generally works “above the diaphragm”)
Which drug is effective against all anaerobes, Gram(+) and (-), including C. difficile and H. pylori?
Metronidazole (generally works “below the diaphragm”)
What is the first-line drug for treatment of uncomplicated UTI’s?
TMP-SMX (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)
If a UTI is unresponsive / resistant to TMP-SMX, what drugs should be given next?
Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin)
What drug is good for treating pelvic inflammatory disease involving N. gonorrhea?
Ceftriaxone (3rd gen cephalosporin)
What drug is good for treating pelvic inflammatory disease involving chlamydia?
Doxycycline (second choice: azithromycin)
What drugs are best for immediate treatment of Gram(-) sepsis?
Aminoglycosides (gentamycin, tobramycin, streptomycin, etc.)
You suspect a patient has C. difficile. What is the first drug you should try giving them? What is the second drug to think of if that fails?
Metronidazole; then vancomycin
Which anti-TB drug also has efficacy against MSSA?
Rifampin
