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MT 1 Pharmacotherapeutics 220 > Antivirals > Flashcards

Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

3 examples of Immunocompromised pts

A

Cancer patients
Transplant patients receiving immunosuppressants
AIDS patients

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2
Q

Viruses controlled by current antiviral therapy (RICHHH)

A 
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Influenza viruses (the flu)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Hepatitis viruses
Herpes viruses
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
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3
Q

Anti-virals for HIV (2)

A

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (RTIs)

Protease Inhibitors

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4
Q

How do reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) work?

A

Block activity of the enzyme reverse transcriptase preventing production of new DNA from viral RNA

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5
Q

RTIs subclasses (2)

A 
Nucleoside RTIs (NRTIs)
Non-nucleoside RTIs (NNRTIs)
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6
Q

Zidovudine

Virus:
Mechanism:
Adverse Effects:

A

Virus: HIV

Mechanism: NRTI. competes with cell nucleosides for DNA synthesis.

Adverse effects: major one is bone marrow suppression—anemia and neutropenia

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7
Q

Ritonavir

Virus:
Mechanism:
Adverse Effects:

A

Virus: HIV

Mechanism: Protease inhibitor. Inhibits the retroviral protease enzyme, preventing viral protein preparation

Adverse effects: Has many drug-drug interactions

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8
Q

HAART stands for?

A

Highly active antiretroviral therapy

Combination therapy is essential for HIV treatment
Usually 2 NRTIs + 1 NNRTI or 1 PI

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9
Q

What are tenofovir and emtricitabine used for?

A

Used for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP); a daily drug regime to prevent acquisition of HIV infection by uninfected persons

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10
Q

Oseltamivir

Virus:
Mechanism:
Adverse Effects:

A

Virus: Influenza A and B

Mechanism: Prevents release of virus from host cell. (Can be used prophylactically)

Adverse effects: GI - nausea vomiting diarrhea

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11
Q

Amantadine

Virus:
Mechanism:

A

Virus: Influenza A only (not B)

Mechanism: Inhibitor of viral coat disassembly. However, 99% of viruses now resistant

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12
Q

Acyclovir

Virus:
Mechanism:

A

Virus: Herpesviruses – Varicella zoster virus & Herpes simplex virus

Mechanism: DNA Polymerase Inhibitor. Stops viral DNA synthesis using synthetic nucleoside analogues

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13
Q

Ganciclovir

Virus:
Mechanism:

A

Virus: cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Mechanism: DNA Polymerase Inhibitor. It is a synthetic nucleoside analogue

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14
Q

Ribavirin

Virus:
Mechanism:

A

Virus: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Mechanism: DNA Polymerase Inhibitor. It is a synthetic nucleoside analogue

Bonus: Inhalation form is used for hospitalized infants with RSV

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MT 1 Pharmacotherapeutics 220 (8 decks)

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