antiviral drugs against influenza virus

Question 1

what is the classification of influenza virus

Answer 1

order: articulavirales
family: orthomyxoviridae

Question 2

which 3 flu strains infect humans

Answer 2

a,b,c

Question 3

which strains do not cause a pandemic yet

Answer 3

b and c

Question 4

which strain can cause global pandemic

Answer 4

a

Question 5

which strains cause human disease

Answer 5

a, b ,c

Question 6

how is influenza transmitted

Answer 6

respiratory secretions

Question 7

what are formites

Answer 7

generate droplets that settle on surfaces

Question 8

what does influenza target

Answer 8

respiratory tract

Question 9

name some symptoms

Answer 9

tiredness
sore throat
runny nose
head ache
fever
cough
muscle aches

Question 10

what are the 3 membrane proteins of influenza

Answer 10

HA-trimer most abundant
NA-tetramer
M2-tetramer

Question 11

how many segments in the virus interior

Answer 11

8 which comprise the viral genes

Question 12

what is virus attachment mediated by

Answer 12

HA

Question 13

what does HA recognise in order to attach

Answer 13

sialic acid

Question 14

which cells are commonly modified by galactose

Answer 14

ciliated epithelial cells

Question 15

how does virus escape from the endosome

Answer 15

virus envelope fuses with endosome membrane.
HA helps with this and changes conformation because of low PH

Question 16

how do segments get out of the matrix

Answer 16

4x M2 proteins form a pore
H+ influx

Question 17

what sense are the segments and what does transcription do to them

Answer 17

negative
then become coding

Question 18

how are the virus mRNAs transcribed

Answer 18

via polymerase

Question 19

what subunits are in the polymerase and where are the 2 active sites

Answer 19

PA- active site for endonucleases
PB1 -active site for polymerisation
PB2

Question 20

how does an endonuclease collect mRNA caps

Answer 20

1.PB2 binds cap on mRNA
2. PA cleaves it off
3.cap and RNA fragment passed to PB1
4.RdRp moves toward 5’ end of template and copies

Question 21

how has the virus solved the problem HA binding to sialic acid on old cells

Answer 21

NA cleaves sialic acid on already infected cell so a new cell can be infected

Question 22

amantadine is the anti viral compound what was it specific for

Answer 22

influenza A

Question 23

what was rimantadine

Answer 23

an improved antiviral with an additional methyl group

Question 24

how did theses adamantanes work

Answer 24

prevent M2 ion channel activity

Question 25

what are the two binding sites on M2

Answer 25

within central pore
within membrane facing pocket

Question 26

how did the virus become resistant to these

Answer 26

mutations in M2
amantadine could no longer bind and block

Question 27

what does the Xofluza drug do

Answer 27

inhibits PA endonuclease active site

Question 28

the discovery of the 5 contacts of the NA-SA interaction led to the discovery of what

Answer 28

relenza
tamiflu
repivab

Question 29

what do the above drugs do

Answer 29

block NA active site