Antiviral Drugs

Question 1

DOC for antiviral infection

Answer 1

Acyclovir

Question 2

MOA for acyclovir

Answer 2

inhibits DNA synthesis

requires phosphorylation and activation by viral thymidine kinase

Question 3

valcyclovir

Answer 3

pro-drug converted to acyclovir

higher bioavailability

Question 4

toxicity of acyclovir

Answer 4

nephrotoxic at high IV doses

Question 5

abreva MOA

Answer 5

inhibits viral fusion so virus can’t get into the cell

Question 6

ganciclovir MOA and activation

Answer 6

once activated by viral kinases, inhibits DNA polymerase

Question 7

ganciclovir toxicities

Answer 7

myelosuppresion, CNS side effects

Question 8

uses for ganciclovir

Answer 8

CMV/herpes prophylaxis in immunosuppresed patients
CMV retinitis
CMV

Question 9

contraindication for ganciclovir

Answer 9

no pregnant women

Question 10

foscarnet MOA

Answer 10

directly inhibits DNA and RNA polymerase, reverse transcriptase

Question 11

foscarnet use

Answer 11

IV only

CMV encephalitis with ganciclovir

Question 12

toxicity of foscarnet

Answer 12

renal toxicity

Question 13

cidofovir MOA

Answer 13

inhibits viral DNA polymerase

Question 14

cidofovir use

Answer 14

CMV retinitis and acyclovir resistant HSV

Question 15

toxicity of cidofovir

Answer 15

dose dependent nephrotoxicity

Question 16

tamiflu and relenza MOA

Answer 16

neuramindidase inhibitors, block release of virus from cells

Question 17

time frame and age ranges for tamiflu and relenza

Answer 17

within 48 hours of symptoms
tamiflu, oral, > 1 year
relenza, nasal or oral, > 7 years

Question 18

adverse effects for tamilfu and relenza

Answer 18

tamiflu: GI disturbances
relenza: may worsen respiratory function

Question 19

ribavirin MOA

Answer 19

phosphorylated by host enzymes, inhibits RNA polymerase