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Pharmacology > Antiviral drugs > Flashcards

Antiviral drugs Flashcards

1
Q

antivirals requiring first viral kinase and then host cell kinase to function

A

Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir, Ganciclovir

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2
Q

antiviral that blocks viral uncoating

A

Amantadine

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3
Q

antiviral that causes release of dopamine from intact nerve terminals and hence used in Parkinson’s disease

A

Amantadine

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4
Q

Amantadine side effect

A

ataxia

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5
Q

antiviral that inhibits neuraminidase and blocks release of viral progeny

A

Oseltamvir, Zanamvir

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6
Q

antiviral with multifactorial MOA

A

Ribavirin

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7
Q

DOC for RSV bronchiolitis

A

Ribavirin

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8
Q

antiviral that interferes with duplication of viral genetic material

A

Ribavirin

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9
Q

Multifactorial MOAs of Ribavirin

A

RNA hypermutation; directly inhibits HCV RNA polymerase; Inhibits cellular IMP dehydrogenase–>decreased intracellular GTP; inhibits viral RNA guanylyltranferase and methyltransferase –>defective 5’-cap formation–>ineffective viral translation; immunomodulation- enhances TH1-CMI and inhibits TH2 cytokine production

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10
Q

Ribavirin clinical use–

A

RSV bronchiolitis and Chronic hepatitis C

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11
Q

Acyclovir

A

requires viral kinase for activity

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12
Q

A prodrug of Acyclovir which has better bioavailability than acyclovir

A

Valacyclovir

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13
Q

Resistance to acyclovir

A

lack of viral thymidine kinase

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14
Q

Acyclovir side effects

A

Neurotoxicity (delirium, tremors) and Nephrotoxicity (d/t crystallization–> crystalluria–> renal tubular damage; can be prevented by aggressive IV hydration)

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15
Q

DOC for Herpes Zoster

A

Famciclovir

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16
Q

CMV

A

Ganciclovir

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17
Q

Ganciclovir side effects

A

Neutropenia, anemia, renal toxicity

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18
Q

Ganciclovir + AZT risk

A

can impair hematopoietic cell DNA synthesis–> increase incidence of anemia and neutropenia

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19
Q

antiviral that do not need viral kinase phosphorylation for activation

A

Foscarnet and Cidofovir

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20
Q

antiviral drug that is a pyrophosphate analogue

A

Foscarnet

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21
Q

antiviral for CMV retinitis when ganciclovir fails

A

Foscarnet or Cidofovir

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22
Q

antiviral drug for acyclovir-resistant HSV

A

Foscarnet or Cidofovir

23
Q

antiviral drug that causes electrolyte imbalance- hypokalemia, hypomagnessemia, hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia–> generalized seizures

A

Foscarnet

24
Q

Foscarnet side effects

A

Nephrotoxicity and electrolyte imbalance

25
Q

Cidofovir side effect

A

Nephrotoxicity (co-administer with probenecid to prevent)

26
Q

Foscarnet and Cidofovir MOA

A

inhibit viral DNA polymerase independent of activation by viral thymidine kinase

27
Q

All “navirs” are–

A

Protease inhibitors (PI)

28
Q

Lipodystrophy due to impaired hepatic chylomicron uptake and TG clearance

A

Protease inhibitors

29
Q

PI that can inhibit P-450 and boost other drug concentrations

A

Ritonavir

30
Q

PIs: MOA

A

Prevent assembly and maturation; nonfunctional, noninfectious virions produced

31
Q

PI side effects

A

Fat redistribution (lipodystrophy), Insulin resistance (hyperglycemia), hypertriglyceridemia

32
Q

HIV +ve patients receiving PI–avoid—->

A

Rifampin and instead use Rifabutin

33
Q

Must be phosphorylated by thymidine kinase to be active

A

NRTIs

34
Q

Do not require phosphorylation to be active

A

NNRTIs

35
Q

NRTIs (TEALZSD)

A

Tenofovir, Emtricitabine, Abacavir, Lamivudine, Zidovudine, Stavudine, Didanosine

36
Q

anti-HIV drugs that lack 3’-OH, thus inhibit 3’-5’ phosphodiester bond formation

A

NRTIs (e.g. Zidovudine)

37
Q

NRTIs side effect

A

Bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis, megaloblastic anemia (AZT)

38
Q

NRTI that may cause pancreatitis

A

Didanosine

39
Q

Peripheral neuropathy and Lactic acidosis

A

Lamivudine

40
Q

NNRTIs (VIR)

A

NeVIRapine, EfaVIRenz, DelaVIRdine

41
Q

anti-HIV that may cause cutaneous hypersensitivity- Steven-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis

A

NNRTIs

42
Q

NNRTIs side effect

A

Hepatic failure with encephalopathy

43
Q

NNRTIs side effect time profile

A

first 6 weeks: severe hepatotoxicity.

first 18 weeks: life threatening skin rash

44
Q

Integrase inhibitor

A

Raltegravir

45
Q

anti-HIV drug that may cause hypercholesterolemia

A

Raltegravir

46
Q

Interferon-alpha Rx

A

Chronic hepatitis B & C, Kaposi’s sarcoma, Hairy cell leukemia, condyloma acuminata (HPV 6, 11)

47
Q

Interferon-beta Rx

A

Multiple Sclerosis

48
Q

Interferon-gamma Rx

A

NADPH oxidase deficiency

49
Q

Interferon side effect

A

Neutropenia

50
Q

Antibiotic to avoid in pregnancy (Countless SAFe Moms Take Really Good Care)

A

Clarithromycin (embryotoxic), Sulfonamides (kernicterus), Aminoglycosides (ototoxicity), Fluoroquinolones (cartilage damage), Metronidazole (mutagenesis), Tetracyclines (discolored teeth, inhibition of bone marrow), Ribavirin (teratogenic), Griseofulvin (teratogenic) and Chloramphenicol (gray baby)

51
Q

HIV fusion inhibitor

A

Enfuvirtide

52
Q

anti-HIV drug that binds to envelope glycoprotein gp-41 and denies the HIV genome entry into uninfected CD4 cells

A

Enfuvirtide (Fusion inhibitor)

53
Q

pol gene mutations

A

acquired resistance to PIs and NRTIs/NNRTIs

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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