Antiviral Drugs Flashcards
What is the size of virus particles?
10-100 nm (very small)
How many genes does each virus particle contain?
What are viruses?
How do viruses replicate?
What do viruses use host machinery to make? (2)
What type of viruses infect bacterial cells?
Where do viruses get lipid envelopes from?
What are enveloped vs non-enveloped viruses?
Why are viruses pleiomorphic?
What is the central dogma of viral particles? (3)
What is the difference between positive and negative sense retroviruses?
Why do RNA and retroviruses have a high mutation rate?
What are the 2 consequences of RNA and retroviruses using their own polymerases to replicate?
Are RNA and retroviruses smaller or bigger than DNA viruses and why?
What is the difference between RNA and retroviruses?
How do RNA and retroviruses make a wide range of proteins?
How long is the RNA vs DNA virus genome?
How can DNA viruses modify the host immune response?
Why are segmented genomes advantagous?
What are the 6 steps of the general virus replication cycle?
What are the 7 steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle?
Where does HIV-1 replication occur?
What are the 9 steps of the influenza virus cycle?
What is the cytopathic effect?
How do viruses perform host cell lysis? (2)
What is a viral plaque?
What are syncytia?
What is a plaque assay?
How can a virus be detected? (5)
How can viral genomes be detected?
How can viral antigens be detected?
How can viral particles be detected?
How can virus cytopathic effects be detected?
How can viral antigens be detected?
What is done to test if a person is infected with a particular virus?
Why can new viruses be engineered?
Why are viral infections difficult to control?
what are the 3 difficulties of making antiviral drugs?
What is the therapeutic index?
What do most antiviral drugs target?
What is rational drug design?
What are the 3 targets of different antiviral drugs?
What are directly acting antivirals?
Which antiviral drugs require drug specificity? (2)
What is are … examples of an antiviral drug?
What does acyclovir cause in viruses?
How does acyclovir cause chain termination in viruses?
How does acyclovir only act on virus-infected cells? (2)
What are the 3 steps of acyclovir activation?
When does acyclovir resistance arise?
Which viral infections does acyclovir work against?
Which viral infections does remdesivir work against?
How does remdesivir act as an antiviral drug?
What are the 4 requirements of antiviral drugs?
What are 4 examples of anti-influenza drugs?
What are the 2 adamantanes?
What is the structure of adamantanes?
Which virus do adamantanes work against?
How do adamantanes act as antivirals?
What is the structure of neuraminidase?
Which 3 influenza strains are resistant to adamantanes and why?
What are the 3 inhibitors of neuraminidase?
What are the 2 influenza surface proteins used for host-cell entry?
What is the function of neuraminidase?
How do neuraminidase inhibitors work?
Which neuraminidase inhibitor drug is controversial and why?
Which influenza virus acquired resistance to oseltamivir and how?
What do new anti-influenza drugs target?
How dous baloxavir act as an anti-influenza drug?
Which strain of influenza is reistant to baloxavir and how?
What is HCV?
What type of virus is HCV?
What can HCV lead to?
Why was HCV spread widely?
What did HCV therapy used to rely on and why was this changed?
What are the 4 types of HCV direct acting antivirals?
What are the 2 mechanisms of HCV antivirals?
What are the 5 types of HIV antivirals and what do they each prevent?
What is the aim of antiviral drugs?
Can HIV be cured and why?
How was HIV cured in 2 patients in the world?
What are biologicals?
What is passive immunity?
What are 3 examples of biologicals?
How are biological antiviral drugs produced?
Which 5 drugs are being tested for use against covid?
What is remdesivir’s effect on covid infection progression?
What is dexamethasone’s effect on covid infection progression?
What are the 5 future plans for antiviral therapies?
