AntiUlcer Drugs and Laxatives

Question 1

Antacids

Answer 1

Used in heartburn and indigestion. Relieves gastric discomfort.

Question 2

Adverse of Antacids

Answer 2

Calcium-constipation and acid rebound
Magnesium-diarrhea
Aluminum-constipation
NaHCO3-Makes CO2 gas, belching and gas, alkalosis

Question 3

Antisecretory Drugs-Histamine-2 (H2) Receptor Antagonists

Answer 3

Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine
Used: promote healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers by binding to the histamine 2 receptor and inhibiting the release of histamine. Relieve pain in days.
Relieve gastric reflux, heartburn and indigestion. Prevents stress ulcers
Adverse effects are uncommon

Question 4

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI’s)

Answer 4

Omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole
Bind to proton pump irreversibly and block the last step in acid secretion
Adverse effects: diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, headache

Question 5

Sucralfate

Answer 5

Aluminum Salt of Sucrose Octasulfate
MOA: taken as a liquid for an active duodenal ulcer and lines the whole stomach. Adheres to the ulcer and protects it from acid, enzymes and bile salts
Most common side effect is constipation. May cause nausea, headache, dry mouth

Question 6

Pepto Bismol

Answer 6

Binds to ulcer and protects ulcer from acid and pepsin. Inhibits pepsin activity.
Adverse effects: Black tongue and stool, tinnitus

Question 7

Helicobacter pylori

Answer 7

Antibiotics= Clarithromycin,
Pharm effects- destroy h pylori in the GI tract of patients with ulcers
Adverse: Diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea

Question 8

Bulk Forming Laxatives

Answer 8

Psyllium. Polysaccharides and celluloses that swell in water to form a gel to soften the feces and increase its mass ( soft stool in 1-3 days)
Gas, bloating

Question 9

Stool Softeners

Answer 9

Docusate. Increases entry of water into feces. Inhibit fluid reabsorption. Soften/lubricates the feces to produce a soft stool in 1-3 days
Adverse: Few-bitter taste, nausea

Question 10

Osmotic Laxatives

Answer 10

MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE
Promotes bowel evacuation by causing osmotic retention of fluid which distends the colon with increased peristaltic activity
Adverse effects: Frequent loose, watery stools, Cramps, fluid loss, electrolyte imbalances. Use with caution in renal failure. Must increase fluid intake

Question 11

Stimulant Laxatives

Answer 11

MOA: induce defecation by stimulating peristaltic activity on the intestine by direct action on intestinal mucosa or nerve plexus, therefore increasing motility
Produce a semi-fluid stool in 3-12 hrs.
BISACODYL-enteric coated, should not be chewed or crushed
SENNA (SENOKOT)- may color the urine yellow or brown
Adverse effects: Cramps, watery stools, nausea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, colitis. Can cause dependence on laxatives to maintain norm bowel function