antiseizure Flashcards
what drug is a hydantoin
phenytonin
anticonvulsant
what is the MOA of phenytoin
decreases excitability in the brain preventing seizure activity
what kind of protein bound is phenytoin
highly protein bound
what is the therapeutic level for phenytoin
10-20
what is the half life of phenytoin
7-60hr
what is hydantoin used for
treat tonic-colic and partial seiz.
status eplipeticus
what are some side effects of phenytoin
HA, dizzy, drowsy, depression
gingival hyperplasia
hyperglycemia
urine discoloration-pink-red-brow
what are some adverse effects of phenytoin
thrombocytopenia
SI
steven johnson synd
hypotension
what is a contraindication for phenytoin
pregnancy
what does phenytoin interact with
decrease effect
-anticoags
-oral contraceptives
decrease folic acid and Vit.K
decrease absorption of Calcium and vit D
what should you teach a pt who is taking phenytoin
avoid asprin
increase intake of folic acid, Vit D and K and calcium
what lab values would you check when giving phenytoin
BUN
creat
liver enzyme
UO
what herbs alter phenytoin
evening primrose-lower seiz threshold
ginkgo- decrease effectiveness
What are some nursing intervetions when giving phenytoin
monitor drug level
get a CBC to detect for blood dyscrais
make sure pt is getting enoiugh food- can cause anorexia
use another form of contraceptive
what should you teach a pt taking phenytoin
dont drive
talk to doc if wanting to get pregnant
avoid alcohol and other CNS depressatns
do not stop abruptly
if pt diabetic watch glucose closley
dont take OTC meds
how should pt take phenytoin
at same time everyday with food or milk
what can we teach pt abt side effects of phenytoin
urine may be pink or red brown which is fine
keep good oral hygiene
report ST, bruising and nose bleeds-blood dyscrasia
what can happen if you abruplty stop phenyotin
seizure rebound and status epliepticus
how is phenytoin given
IV
what is the MOA of levetiracetam
interfers with calcium dependent release of neurotransmitters
what is levetiracetam
misc. antizeizure
what is levetiracetam used for
partial and myoclonic, tonic-clonic
prevent substance withdrawl seiz.
what are some side effects of levetiracetam
dizzy, drowst, HA
N&V
anorexia
what are some adverse reactions to levetiracetam
renal toxicity
aggitaton, aggression, depression
confusion, SI
ataxia
SJS
DRESS
what is the half life of levetiracetam
6-8hr
how is levetiracetam given
PO
what does levetiracetam interact with
alcohol, cannabis
decrease effectiveness with other antiseiz. drugs
what are the containdicatons/cautions when giving levetiracetam
hypersensitivity
reduces dose bc of renal impairment
SI
Nursing interventions for levetiracetam
monitor mental status-1st 4-6wk
water for hypersenstivity reactions
suicide assessment
avoid activites that need alertness until effect is known
what type of drug is gabapentin
antiseizure
what is the MOA of gabapentin
unknown
has analgesic activity
minimal protein binding
what is gabapentine use for
seizures
neuropathic pain
restless leg syndrome
how is gabapentin given
PO
what is the half life of gabapentin
5-7hr
what are some side effects of gabapentin
dizzy, drowsy,
HTN
anorexia
gingivitis
weight gain
what are some adverse reactions to gabapentin
neruobehaviroal
SJS
angioedema
ataxia
rhabdomyolysis-elevated creat
vision disturbance
