Antipsychotics/Sedatives and hypnotics Flashcards
What is considered psychotic
Abnormal thoughts Disorganized communication Lack of interaction Delusions Hallucinations Paranoias Bizarre thoughts and behaviour
What are included in the severe mental illness group
Schizophrenia Psychotic depression Mania Organic brain syndrome Bipolar Parkinson’s psychosis Dementia induced aggression
When are antipsychotics used
Treatment of severe mental illness without identifiable cause
How do antipsychotics work
Block action of Dopamine in the brain
Decrease sensory stimulation to RAS
Decrease uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin
What is the goal of treatment for antipsychotics
Enhance positive and dampen negatives
Sedate person without turning them to a vegetable
Adverse effects of antipsychotics
Pseudoparkinsonism Dystonia Tardive dyskinesia Hypotension Tachycardia Confusion Drowsiness Hyperactivity Insomnia Amenorrhea Hyperglycaemia Anticholinergic symptoms
Phenothiazine and thioxanthenes
First generation drugs
Block dopamine allowing calm behaviour and emotions
Non phenothiazines
Less side effects
Block dopamine
Anti manic drugs
Mood stabilizers Treat bipolar Action unknown but alters sodium transport Increases serotonin and norepinephrine Needs close monitoring
Lithium is primary drug
Signs and symptoms of lithium toxicity
Drowsiness Blurred vision Confusion Light sensitivity Tremors Muscle weakness Seizures Coma Cardiac collapse Dehydration
Patient teaching about Lithium
Avoid salt
Drinks lots
Goal of sedative hypnotics
Relax and endure sleep
Normal sleep pattern
Wake feeling rested
Have REM cycle
What types of drugs are included in sedative hypnotics
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Unrelated medications
