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MA- 2020. Psychopharmacology > Antipsychotics > Flashcards

Antipsychotics Flashcards

1
Q

Chlorpromazine effects (4)

A
  1. Reduces the amount of anesthetic needed for surgery
  2. Sedation
  3. Calmness
  4. Lack of interest in and detachment from external stimuli
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2
Q

Chlorpromazine: brand name type, class

A

Thorazine; phenothiazine; 1st gen

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3
Q

3 positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

delusions
hallucinations
thought disorders

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4
Q

3 negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

anhedonia
withdrawal
blunting of emotional expression

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5
Q

3 phases of schizophrenia

A
  1. premorbid
  2. prodromal
  3. full syndrome
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6
Q

premorbid

A

subtle motor, cognitive, or social impairments

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7
Q

prodromal

A

mood symptoms, cog symptoms, social withdrawal, obsessive behaviors

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8
Q

full syndrome

A

substantial functional deterioration in self-care, work, and relationships

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9
Q

5 pieces of evidence for DA theory

A
  1. stimulant drug abuse
  2. APs are DA antagonists
  3. APs have affinity for D2
  4. affinity for D2 is best predictor of dose
  5. psychosis in parkinson’s patients treated with increased DA
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10
Q

why can’t you use a drug with the highest possible D2 affinity?

A

need DA in basal ganglia for normal movement

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11
Q

tardive dyskinesia (6)

A

involuntary, repetitive, purposeless body movements

  1. grimacing
  2. lip pursing
  3. tongue movement
  4. blinking
  5. lip-smacking
  6. lip-puckering
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12
Q

neuroleptic

A

APs, major tranquilizers

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13
Q

neuroleptic state

A

state of apathy, lack of initiative, and limited range of emotion

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14
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

how drugs are handled by the body

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15
Q

goal of pharmacokinetics

A

predicting time course of active drug in blood that is available at receptor sites

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16
Q

absorption

A

movement of drug from site of administration to the blood

17
Q

distribution

A

movement of drug from blood to rest of body

18
Q

metabolism

A

breakdown of drug

19
Q

elimination

A

removal of drug’s metabolic waste products from the body

20
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

the study of what drugs do to the body

21
Q

Side effects of Chlorpromazine

A
  1. tachycardia
  2. impotence
  3. dizziness
  4. sedation
  5. weight gain
22
Q

Second-generation antipsychotics

A
  1. More selective than the typical neuroleptics.
  2. They bind to dopamine D2, 5-HT2, and a2 adrenergic receptors.
  3. Little or no affinity for D1 receptors.
23
Q

Somatic side-effects of AP´s

A
  1. Cardiac effects- orthostatic hypertension, prolongation of QTC/sudden cardiac death.
  2. Hematological effects
  3. Peripheral anticholinergic effects- blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, dry mouth.
  4. Weight gain
  5. Metabolic side effects- high blood sugar, diabetes
  6. Sexual side effects- decreased libido/impotence, inhibited orgasm
  7. Hormonal disturbance- Prolactin increased -> breast enlargement, menstrual cycle disturbance
24
Q

Neurological side-effects of AP´s

A 
Parkinsonism- rigidity/tremor
Acute dystonia
Acute akathisia 
Tardive dyskinesia 
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Sedation
25
Q

Acute dystonia

A

abnormal positioning/spasm of muscles of the head/neck/limbs or trunk

26
Q

Avolition

A

Difficulty, or inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed behavior. Inappropriate social skills and social isolation.

27
Q

MAIN DOPAMINERGIC PATHWAYS

A
  1. Mesocortical pathway
  2. Nigrostriatal pathway
  3. Mesolimbic pathway
  4. Tuberoinfundibular pathway
28
Q

Mesocortical pathway

A

Hypoactivity: negative symptoms, cognitive impairment

29
Q

Nigrostriatal pathway

A

Part of extrapyramidal motor system

30
Q

Mesolimbic pathway

A

Hyperactivity: positive symptoms

31
Q

Tuberoinfundibular pathway

A

Inhibits prolactin release

32
Q

MECHANISM OF ACTION – FGA (first generation)

A

The efficacy is thought to be due to antagonism of dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic/mesofrontal systems.

33
Q

Why causes APs weight gain?

A

Adverse effects include and sedation and weight gain, due to histamine H1 receptor blockade

34
Q

Antidepressants can be used on which diseases?

A 
Psychotic disorders and psychotic states
Bipolar disorder
Treatment-resistant depression
Severe agitation/violent behavior
Movement disorders - Huntington disease; Tourette syndrome
GAD, PTSD
Insomnia; OCD
Borderline personality disorder
Dementia

MA- 2020. Psychopharmacology (4 decks)

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