Antipsychotics Flashcards
What are antipsychotics?
Used to manage psychosis or conditions that have caused patients to lose contact with reality, including delusions (false, fixed beliefs) or hallucinations (auditory or visual usually). Psychosis can occur with drug abuse, schizophrenia, BPD, or severe depression.
Antipsychotics are also commonly used in combination with other medications for treatment of delirium, dementia, ADHD, depression, eating disorders, PTSD, OCD, and GAD.
First Generation AP
Typicals or neuroleptics
Haloperidol and Chloropromazine are the most commonly used.
Second Generation AP
Atypicals
Risperidone, Olanzepine, Quetiapine, and Clozapine.
How do patients respond ot APs?
Agitation and hallucinations disappear within days of taking APs, while delusions take a few weeks. Full effects usually take up to 6 weeks. A few different medications may need to be tried.
Many patients will likely need to stay on their APs medications for months or years in order to prevent relapse. When the time comes to d/c the medications they must be tapered.
Common side effects of APs?
Drowsiness, dizziness, restlessness (and in severe cases akathisia), weight gain (metabolic syndrome), dry mouth, constipation, N/V, blurred vision, hypotension, EPS/rigidity, tremors/tics, muscle spasms, seizures, and agranulocytosis (clonazepine specifically)
Haloperidol
Haldol, Typical
High potency
0.5-10mg
Respiridone
Risperdal, Atypical
High potency
0.25-6mg
Paliperidone
Atypical
High potency
3-9mg
Loxapine
Xylac, Typical
Medium potency
10-250mg
Olanzepine
Zyprexa, Atypical
Medium potency
5-30mg
Ziprasidone
Atypical
Medium potency
40-80mg PO tid
Aripiprazole
Atypical
Medium potency
10-30mg
Chloropromazine
Typical
Low potency
200-1000mg (start at 50mg and then go up)
Quietapine
Seroquel, Atypical
Low potency
300-900mg
Clozapine
Clozaril, Atypical
Low potency
100-800mg (start at 25mg)
