Antipsychotic drugs Flashcards
1
Q
2 types of Antipyschotics
A
- Typical (1st generation)
- Atypical (2nd generation)
2
Q
Extrapyramidal Symptoms
A
- dystonia = continuous spasms + muscle contractions
- akathisia = restlessness; inability to stay still
- parkinsonism = rigidity
- bradykinesia = slowing of movement
- tardive dyskinesia = irregular jerky movements; often lower face + distal extremities.
3
Q
Antipsychotics MOA (both typical & atypical)
A
type 2 dopamine receptor (D2-R) antagonists
4
Q
4 dopamine pathways involved
A
- Mesocortical = negative symptoms of schizophrenia
- Mesolimbic = positive symptoms of schizophrenia
- Nigrostriatal = responsible for motor planning of purposeful movement. Blockage leads to EPS
- Tuberoinfundibular = releases dopamine to inhibit prolactin.
5
Q
Typical antipyschotics (1st gen) examples
A
- High potency
- haloperidol
- fluphenazine
- trifluoperazine
*Low potency
- chlorpromazine
- thioridazine
6
Q
Typical antipsychotics (1st gen) side effects
A
- Antimuscarinic effects = dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, urinary retention.
- alpha-1 receptor antagonism = orthostatic hypotension.
- Histamine H1-R antagonism = wt gain, sedation
- D2-R antagonism - Nigrostriatal pathway = EPS, dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia.
- D2-R antagonism - Tuberoindundibular pathway = hyperprolactinemia = females (galactorrhea, breast soreness, amenorrhea); males (decreased libido)
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome = fever, altered mental status, rigidity.
