Antiprotozoal drugs Flashcards
Which mosquito transfers Malaria?
Anopheles
What organism is the most dangerous that transfers Malaria?
Plasmodium Falciparum
What is the first option for Malaria prophylaxis?
Chloroquine
What do we use if area has chloroquine-resistant strains of P.falciparum?
Doxycycline (If they cant tolerate mefloquine)
What do we use if Malaria illness is already severe?
Quinine/Quinidine parenterally and IV artesunate if Q is not available
When is Mefloquine effective against Falciparum and Vivax?
When they are in their asexual blood forms
How are Mefloquine and Chloroquine and Primaquine affected by CYP enzymes?
They are major substrates for specific CYP enzymes
What is a side effect of Mefloquine?
Neuropsychiatric effects, contraindicated for crazy patients
When is Primaquine active?
Against exoerythrocytic stages
When is Primaquine indicated?
For the ultimate cure of Vivax malaria
When do we use Tafenoquine?
Maybe if the Parasite is not in the exoerythrocytic stage and we cant use Mefloquine and we use it to treat acute P.vivax
What do we use with Tafenoquine?
Organic Cation Transporter to keep plasma levels raised
Tafenoquine side effects?
Anemia and other blood disorders or psychiatric effects like Mefloquine
When do we use Artesunate?
It can work for all stages and only used in severe P.falciparum
What is a sign of Entamoeba histolytica infection?
Bloody diarrhea and stomach pain
What drug do we use for Amebiasis infections?
Metronidazole
What are some side effects of Metronidazole?
Flat T wave on ECG, headache, metallic taste, nausea, genital infections
What to avoid while on Metronidazole?
Alcohol because it can make symptoms bad
What is the most common anti-helminthic drug? With a broad spectrum?
Mebendazole
What is the MOA of Mebendazole?
Irreversibly prevents glucose uptake for parasites
What is a side effect of Mebendazole?
Hepatotoxic
What to avoid while on Mebendazole?
Metronidazole (Amebiasis drug)
What drug do we use for Tania solium?
Albendazole
What is a substitute for Mebendazole if someone has liver problems?
Albendazole but it can cause headaches
What does pyrantel pamoate do?
It paralyzes the helminth using acetylcholine
What organism do we use pyrantel pamoate for?
Enterobius vermicularis
What is the first drug choice for lice?
Permethrin
What are the second drug choices for lice?
Malathion and Benzyl alcohol
