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Pharmacyology 3 > Antiparasitics > Flashcards

Antiparasitics Flashcards

1
Q

Common protozoal infections in US

A

Trichomoniasis
Giardiasis
Amebiasis

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2
Q

How are antiprotozoal agents classified?

A

Systemic

Luminal (not absorbed)

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3
Q

Systemic antiprotozoal agent

A

Metronidazole

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4
Q

MOA metronidazole

A

Prodrug that is converted to DNA damaging metabolite by anaerobic organisms

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5
Q

Metronidazole uses

A

Amebiasis
Giardiasis
Trchiomoniasis

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6
Q

Metronidazole and amebiasis

A

Given in combo with luminal amebicide to eradicate luminal survivors

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7
Q

Luminal antiprotozoal agent

A

paromomycin

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8
Q

Paromomycin MOA

A

Aminoglycoside
Binds to 30s of E. Histolytica to inhibit protein synthesis
Not absorbed from GI tract (not good for systemic infections)

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9
Q

Paromomycin uses

A
  • alone for asymptomatic amebiasis

- combo with metro for amebic colitis/dysentery

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10
Q

What is an alternative to metronidazole during the 1st trimester for giardiasis?

A

Paromomycin

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11
Q

Adverse reactions for paromomycin

A

GI distress

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12
Q

Drugs for prophylaxis

A

Chloroquine

Primaquine

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13
Q

Drugs for treatment

A

Artemether/lumefantrine
Chloroquine
Primaquine

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14
Q

Blood stage drugs

A

Chloroquine
Artemisinin

Clinical cure

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15
Q

Liver stage drugs

A

Primaquine

Radical Cure

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16
Q

Drugs with gametocidal activity

A

Artemether

Primaquine

17
Q

Properties of prophylactic drugs

A
  • orally effective
  • long half life
  • low toxicity
18
Q

Chloroquine MOA

A
  • trapped in acidic parasite food vacuoles
  • inhibits biocrystallization
  • hematin accumulates (toxic to parasite)
19
Q

Chloroquine resistance

A

mutated vacuolar efflux transporter (PfCRT)

20
Q

Chloroquine use

A
  • cure and prophylaxis sensitive strains
21
Q

Chloroquine in pregnancy?

A

yes

22
Q

Chloroquine adverse reactions

A
  • well tolerated in prophylaxis

- High doses: pruritis, HA, GI, CV toxicity

23
Q

Drug from qinghao

A

Artemether

24
Q

Artemether MOA

A

unclear

25
Q

Drug with short half life and not useful for chemoprophylaxis

A

Artemether

26
Q

Lumefantrine

A

long acting drug sustains antimalarial activity

27
Q

Artemether/lumefantrine use

A

MDR falciparum malaria

28
Q

Artemether/lumefantrine adverse reactions

A
  • safe reputation
  • neurotoxicity
  • embryotoxicity
29
Q

MOA primaquine

A

unknown

30
Q

Primaquine use

A
  • with chloroquine for vivax/ovale malaria

- terminal prophylaxis

31
Q

Drug for terminal prophylaxis

A

primaquine

32
Q

Primaquine MOA

A
  • drug induced hemolytic anemia in G6PD
33
Q

CI primaquine

A

G6PD deficient patients

34
Q

Primaquine pregnancy?

A

No!

35
Q

Metronidazole adverse reactions

A
  • HA, GI, metallic taste

- neuropathy

36
Q

BBW metronidazole

A

carcinogenic in animals

37
Q

DDI metronidazole

A

ethanol: disulfiram like reaction

38
Q

Paromycin pregnancy?

A

Yes

Pharmacyology 3 (12 decks)

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