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Pharm Block 3 > Antiparasitics > Flashcards

Antiparasitics Flashcards

1
Q

For nematode (roundworm) infections; selective damage to cytoplasmic microtubles, immobilizes and kills parasite; active for many intestinal roundworms, kills some ova; low systemic bioavailability

A

Mebendazole

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2
Q

For nematode (roundworm) infections; same mechanism as Mebendazole except liver quickly converts it to albendazole sulfoxide which is an active metabolite with good systemic distribution; used for neurocysticercosis due to taenia solum and cutaneous larval migrans

A

Albendazole

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3
Q

What are some side effects of Albendazole?

A

elevated hepatic enzymes

abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, headache

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4
Q

For nematode (roundworm) infections; in hookworms it affects energy metabolism via inhibition of mitochondrial fumarate reductase; in Strongyloides it inhibits assembly of parasitic microtubles; used for Strongyloides, cutaneous larval migrans, alternate agent for other roundworm infections; administration topical

A

Thiabendazole

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5
Q

For nematode (roundworm) infections; depolarizing neuromuscular blocker, causing spastic paralysis of worm; used for hookworm, pinworm and roundworm; NOT effective against Trichuris

A

Pyrantel pamoate

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6
Q

What is a side effect of Thibendazole? Of Pyrantel Pamoate?

A

Thibendazole: N/V, dizziness

Pyrantel Pamoate: GI symptoms

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7
Q

Drug for Fluke infection; increases cell membrane permeability to calcium, resulting in marked muscle contraction; drug of choice for all Schistosoma, good activity against many cestodes; SE: abdominal discomfort, nausea

A

Praziquantel

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8
Q

Drug for cestode infection; for Taenia solium will prevent neurocysticercosi; good activity against many cestodes

A

Praziquantel

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9
Q

Drug for cestode infection; treats neurocysticercosis

A

Albendazole

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10
Q

Drug for cestode infection; good activity against many cestodes

A

Paromomycin Sulfate

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11
Q

Blood schizonticide; selectively toxic to parasite because parasitized erythrocytes concentrate the drug

A

Chloroquine

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of Chloroquine?

A

inhibits heme polymerization

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13
Q

Uses of Chloroquine

A

Prevent attacks of all 4 species of malaria

Eradicate P. malariae and chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum

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14
Q

Main SE of Chloroquine

A

Visual impairment

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15
Q

Blood schizonticide, used for chloroquine-resistant and multidrug-resistant P. falciparum;
Used as prophylaxis in areas where organisms are resistant to chloroquine

A

Mefloquine

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16
Q

What are some side effects of Mefloquine?

A

Psychiatric effects: paranoia, depression, anxiety

Vestibular effects: dizziness, vertigo

17
Q

In which individuals is Mefloquine contraindicated?

A

those with epilepsy or psychiatric disorder

18
Q

Two drugs that block pyrimidine synthesis, blood schizonticides; Used to treat chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum

A

Atovaquone + Proguanil

19
Q

Selectively inhibits malarial mitochondrial electron transport; ultimate effect is disruption of pyrimidine synthesis

A

Atovaquone

20
Q

Prodrug; inhibits malarial dihydrofolate reductase; ultimately pyrimidine synthesis

A

Proguanil

21
Q

Blood schizonticide against all four malarial parasites; agents of choose for severe acute attacks; treatment of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum

A

Quinine

22
Q

Decreases malarial protein synthesis and depress dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activity, thereby interfering with pyrimidine synthesis; for multi drug-resistant P. falciparum

A

Doxycycline

23
Q

Radical cure or terminal prophylaxis of P. vivax and P. ovale because it will kill dormant liver schizonts; should be use in conjunction with blood schizonticide; used in combo with clindamycine to treat Pneumocystis jiroveci (carnii) pneumonia in AIDS patients

A

Primaquine

24
Q

Main SE of Primaquine

A

hemolytic reactions in those with G6PD deficiency

25
Q

Tissue amebicide for mild to severe symptomatic infections of E. histolytica

A

Metronidazole

26
Q

Aminoglycoside-like, inhibiting protein synthesis; luminal amebicide; SE: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain

A

Paramomycin Sulfate

27
Q

Luminal amebicide; in combination with metronidazole for mild to sever infections of E. histolytica; SE: diarrhea and other GI symptoms; Contraindicated in those with hypersensitivity to iodine-containing preparations

A

Iodoquinol

28
Q

Drug of choice for Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole

29
Q

Selective inhibitor of protozoal mitochondrial electron transport; ultimate effect is disruption of protozoal pyrimidine synthesis; alternate prophylaxis or treatment for mild/moderate Pneumocystic jiroveci (carnii) in AIDS patients intolerant of TMP/SMX; active against Toxoplasma gondii

A

Atovaquone

30
Q

Inhibits pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase; used for Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum

A

Nitazoxanide

Pharm Block 3 (15 decks)

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