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Pharmacology > Antiparasitics > Flashcards

Antiparasitics Flashcards

1
Q

Thiazolide that is Broad-spectrum antiinfective agent indicated for infections by Cryptosporidium or Giardia
Disrupts anaerobic metabolism in multiple human parasites (selective toxicity)
Well-tolerated

A

Nitazoxanide

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2
Q

Metronidazole, Tinidazole, and nitazoxanide are effective treatments for this parasitic infection

A

Giardiasis

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3
Q

Mixed agent that is highly effective against most amebic diseases, but also indicated for Trichomonas, Giardia and anaerobic bacteria

A

Metronidazole

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4
Q

MOA of metronidazole

A

Form of nitroso radicals when partially reduced, disrupting membrane and DNA synthesis
The drug reduction usually happens only in anaerobic bacteria and protozoans

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5
Q

Antiparasitic that is a Form of nitroso radicals when partially reduced, disrupting membrane and DNA synthesis
The drug reduction usually happens only in anaerobic bacteria and protozoans

A

Metronidazole

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6
Q

Metronidazole is a form of these when partially reduced

A

Nitroso radicals
Disrupts membrane and DNA synthesis

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7
Q

GI upset, Metallic taste, Disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol, and Carcinogenic (black box warning, especially used systemically) are adverse effects of this antiparasitic

A

Metronidazole

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8
Q

2 antiparasitis with an adverse effect of disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol

A

Metronidazole
Benznidazole

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9
Q

Antiparasitic with Carcinogenic as a block box warning, especially when used systemically

A

Metronidazole

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10
Q

Antiparasitic that has metallic taste as an adverse effect

A

Metronidazole

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11
Q

Malaria is caused by this parasite

A

Plasmodium

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12
Q

Typical first sign of malaria

A

Severe headache

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13
Q

This form of the Plasmodium parasite is injected into blood by mosquito during malaria

A

Sporozoite

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14
Q

Only drug that acts against the exoerythrocytic and gametocytic forms

A

Primaquine

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15
Q

Only agent that prevents relapse malarial infections because it works against the exoerythrocytic forms

A

Primaquine

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16
Q

Chloroquine, Quinine, Mefloquine and Primaquine are drugs for this parasitic infection

A

Malaria

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17
Q

Anti-parasitic that Concentrates in acidic digestive vacuole of parasite to inhibit heme processing
Intracellular accumulation of heme is toxic to parasite

A

Chloroquine

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18
Q

Mutations in this are associated with increased chloroquine resistance

A

Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine Resistance Transporter (PfCRT)
Transports drug out of digestive vacuole

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19
Q

Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine Resistance Transporter (PfCRT) are associated with increase chloroquine resistance because they do this

A

Transport drug out of digestive vacuole

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20
Q

Drug with these indications:
Most blood-forms of the plasmodium parasite
Also commonly used in amebiasis
Drug of choice in acute attacks and prophylaxis

A

Chloroquine

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21
Q

Chloroquine is indicated for most blood-forms of the plasmodium parasite, and is also commonly used in this

A

Amebiasis

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22
Q

Common resistance mechanism for chloroquine is upregulation of this

A

P-glycoprotein

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23
Q

P-glycoprotein upregulation is a common resistance mechanism of this drug

A

Chloroquine

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24
Q

Drug with these adverse effects:
Low doses: GI upset, skin rash, headache, blurring of vision
High doses: skin lesions, peripheral neuropathies, myocardial depression, CNS abnormalities (retinal, auditory, personality disorders), blood dyscrasias

A

Chloroquine

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25
Q

Headaches and blurring of vision are common adverse effects of low doses of this anti-parasitic

A

Chloroquine

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26
Q

Myocardial depression, CNS abnormalities (retinal, auditory, personality disorders), and blood dyscrasias are adverse effects of high doses of this anti-parasitic

A

Chloroquine

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27
Q

Myocardial depression is a characteristic adverse effect of high doses of this anti-parasitic

A

Chloroquine

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28
Q

CNS abnormalities, including retinal, auditory, and personality disorders are adverse effects of high doses of this anti-parasitic

A

Chloroquine

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29
Q

Anti-parasitic that Interferes with heme polymerization
Indicated for chloroquine-resistant malaria by P. falciparum

A

Quinine

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30
Q

Quinine interferes with this

A

Heme polymerization

31
Q

Cinchonism (GI upset, headache, tinnitus, vertigo, blurred vision, cardiac conduction problems, contraindicated in pregnancy, and hematological dysfunctions) is a characteristic adverse effect of this anti-parasitic

A

Quinine

32
Q

GI upset, headache, tinnitus, vertigo, blurred vision, cardiac conduction problems, contraindicated in pregnancy, and hematological dysfunctions (black box) are adverse effects of this

A

Quinine
(adverse effects called Cinchonism)

33
Q

Tinnitus, vertigo and blurred vision are adverse effects of this anti-parasitic

A

Quinine

34
Q

Hematological dysfunctions are black box warnings of this anti-parasitic

A

Quinine

35
Q

Black box warning for Quinine

A

Hematological dysfunctions

36
Q

Anti-parasitic with neurological symptoms (intensifies most neuropsychiatric reactions, and increased aggressive tendencies) and cardiotoxic when used with quinine as adverse effects

A

Mefloquine

37
Q

Mefloquine is cardiotoxic when used with this

A

Quinine

38
Q

This anti-parasitic is cardiotoxic when used with quinine

A

Mefloquine

39
Q

Anti-parasitic used for Prevention (prophylaxis) and treatment of malaria, especially in areas with known chloroquine-resistant malaria
MOA unknown
Adverse effects include GI upset, skin rash, headaches, dizziness, neurological symptoms and cardiotoxicity interaction

A

Mefloquine

40
Q

Anti-parasitic used for prevention of malaria infection
Not very useful in acute attacks
Activated to a cellular oxidant, which disrupts membranes and nucleic acid structures

A

Primaquine

41
Q

Primaquine is activated to this which disrupts membranes and nucleic acid structures

A

Cellular oxidant

42
Q

MOA of primaquine

A

Activated to a cellular oxidant, disrupts membranes and nucleic acid structures

43
Q

Anti-parasitic with these adverse effects:
Hemolytic anemia (G6PDH deficient patients at greatest risk)
GI upset
Pruritus
Headaches
Blood dyscrasias
Contraindicated in pregnancy

A

Primaquine

44
Q

Hemolytic anemia from Primaquine is at greatest risk in these patients

A

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient patients

45
Q

Hemolytic anemia (G6PDH deficient patients most at risk) is an adverse effect of this anti-parasitic

A

Primaquine

46
Q

Entamoeba histolytica is the primary causative agent of this

A

Amebiasis

47
Q

Chloroquine, Metronidazole and Tinidazole are systemic agents for this parasitic infection

A

Amebiasis

48
Q

Paromomycin is a luminal agent for this parasitic infection

A

Amebiasis

49
Q

Metronidazole and tinidazole are mixed agents effective against systemic and luminal forms of this parasitic infection

A

Amebiasis

50
Q

Infectious organism of the genus Leishmania is common of this parasitic infection

A

Leishmaniasis

51
Q

Drug indicated for Leishmaniasis
Adverse effects include pain at injection site, GI upset, and cardiac toxicity

A

Stibogluconate sodium

52
Q

MOA of Stibogluconate sodium is related to this

A

Antimony disruption of glycolysis in parasite

53
Q

Stibogluconate sodium is indicated for this parasitic infection

A

Leishmaniasis

54
Q

One adverse effect of Stibogluconate sodium involves this type of toxcity

A

Cardiac toxicity

55
Q

Treatment for Trypanosomiasis that generates highly reactive free radicals and hydrogen peroxides that disrupt parasite membranes and structures

A

Nifurtimox

56
Q

Nifurtimox is used for this parasitic infection

A

Trypanosomiasis

57
Q

Nifurtimox MOA involves the generation of these

A

Highly reactive free radicals and hydrogen peroxides that disrupt parasite membranes and structures

58
Q

Main adverse effect of Nifurtimox

A

Hypersensitivity reactions (immediate and delayed are common)

59
Q

Anti-parasitic for Trypanosomiasis that generates oxygen radicals that damage parasite DNA and proteins

A

Benznidazole

60
Q

Benznidazole MOA generates these

A

Oxygen radicals that damage parasite DNA and proteins

61
Q

Ivermectin is used to treat this parasitic infection

A

Infection by Nematodes

62
Q

Anti-parasitic that intensifies GABA-mediated neurotransmission in nematodes causing paralysis

A

Ivermectin

63
Q

Ivermectin intensifies this in nematodes causing paralysis

A

GABA-mediated neurotransmission

64
Q

Ivermectin intensifies GABA-mediated neurotransmission in nematodes, causing this

A

Paralysis

65
Q

Mazzotti reaction is an adverse effect of this

A

Ivermectin

66
Q

Mazzotti reaction is an adverse effect of ivermectin that is a potentially life-threatening complex of symptoms that appears related to what?

A

Intensity of the parasitic load

67
Q

Mazzotti reaction is likely the physiological response to this

A

Massive release of parasitic cytoplasm

68
Q

A potentially life-threatening complex of symptoms that appears related to the intensity of the parasitic load
Includes Fever, urticaria, swollen lymph nodes, cardiovascular effects (hypotension, edema, tachycardia) and abdominal pain
Usually within a week of start of ivermectin treatment

A

Mazzotti reaction

69
Q

Mazzotti reaction typically occurs after this much time of starting ivermectin treatment

A

Within a week

70
Q

Classified as a neglected parasitic infection in USA by the CDC, calling for greater emphasis

A

Toxoplasmosis

71
Q

Treatment for mites that disrupts sodium transport in mite neuronal membranes, causing depolarization and respiratory paralysis

A

Permethrin

72
Q

Permethrin is indicated for this

A

Mites

73
Q

MOA of Permethrin

A

Disrupts sodium transport in mite neuronal membranes, causing depolarization and respiratory paralysis

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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