Antiparasitics

Question 1

Thiazolide that is Broad-spectrum antiinfective agent indicated for infections by Cryptosporidium or Giardia
Disrupts anaerobic metabolism in multiple human parasites (selective toxicity)
Well-tolerated

Answer 1

Nitazoxanide

Question 2

Metronidazole, Tinidazole, and nitazoxanide are effective treatments for this parasitic infection

Answer 2

Giardiasis

Question 3

Mixed agent that is highly effective against most amebic diseases, but also indicated for Trichomonas, Giardia and anaerobic bacteria

Answer 3

Metronidazole

Question 4

MOA of metronidazole

Answer 4

Form of nitroso radicals when partially reduced, disrupting membrane and DNA synthesis
The drug reduction usually happens only in anaerobic bacteria and protozoans

Question 5

Antiparasitic that is a Form of nitroso radicals when partially reduced, disrupting membrane and DNA synthesis
The drug reduction usually happens only in anaerobic bacteria and protozoans

Answer 5

Metronidazole

Question 6

Metronidazole is a form of these when partially reduced

Answer 6

Nitroso radicals
Disrupts membrane and DNA synthesis

Question 7

GI upset, Metallic taste, Disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol, and Carcinogenic (black box warning, especially used systemically) are adverse effects of this antiparasitic

Answer 7

Metronidazole

Question 8

2 antiparasitis with an adverse effect of disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol

Answer 8

Metronidazole
Benznidazole

Question 9

Antiparasitic with Carcinogenic as a block box warning, especially when used systemically

Answer 9

Metronidazole

Question 10

Antiparasitic that has metallic taste as an adverse effect

Answer 10

Metronidazole

Question 11

Malaria is caused by this parasite

Answer 11

Plasmodium

Question 12

Typical first sign of malaria

Answer 12

Severe headache

Question 13

This form of the Plasmodium parasite is injected into blood by mosquito during malaria

Answer 13

Sporozoite

Question 14

Only drug that acts against the exoerythrocytic and gametocytic forms

Answer 14

Primaquine

Question 15

Only agent that prevents relapse malarial infections because it works against the exoerythrocytic forms

Answer 15

Primaquine

Question 16

Chloroquine, Quinine, Mefloquine and Primaquine are drugs for this parasitic infection

Answer 16

Malaria

Question 17

Anti-parasitic that Concentrates in acidic digestive vacuole of parasite to inhibit heme processing
Intracellular accumulation of heme is toxic to parasite

Answer 17

Chloroquine

Question 18

Mutations in this are associated with increased chloroquine resistance

Answer 18

Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine Resistance Transporter (PfCRT)
Transports drug out of digestive vacuole

Question 19

Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine Resistance Transporter (PfCRT) are associated with increase chloroquine resistance because they do this

Answer 19

Transport drug out of digestive vacuole

Question 20

Drug with these indications:
Most blood-forms of the plasmodium parasite
Also commonly used in amebiasis
Drug of choice in acute attacks and prophylaxis

Answer 20

Chloroquine

Question 21

Chloroquine is indicated for most blood-forms of the plasmodium parasite, and is also commonly used in this

Answer 21

Amebiasis

Question 22

Common resistance mechanism for chloroquine is upregulation of this

Answer 22

P-glycoprotein

Question 23

P-glycoprotein upregulation is a common resistance mechanism of this drug

Answer 23

Chloroquine

Question 24

Drug with these adverse effects:
Low doses: GI upset, skin rash, headache, blurring of vision
High doses: skin lesions, peripheral neuropathies, myocardial depression, CNS abnormalities (retinal, auditory, personality disorders), blood dyscrasias

Answer 24

Chloroquine

Question 25

Headaches and blurring of vision are common adverse effects of low doses of this anti-parasitic

Answer 25

Chloroquine

Question 26

Myocardial depression, CNS abnormalities (retinal, auditory, personality disorders), and blood dyscrasias are adverse effects of high doses of this anti-parasitic

Answer 26

Chloroquine

Question 27

Myocardial depression is a characteristic adverse effect of high doses of this anti-parasitic

Answer 27

Chloroquine

Question 28

CNS abnormalities, including retinal, auditory, and personality disorders are adverse effects of high doses of this anti-parasitic

Answer 28

Chloroquine

Question 29

Anti-parasitic that Interferes with heme polymerization Indicated for chloroquine-resistant malaria by P. falciparum

Answer 29

Quinine

Question 30

Quinine interferes with this

Answer 30

Heme polymerization

Question 31

Cinchonism (GI upset, headache, tinnitus, vertigo, blurred vision, cardiac conduction problems, contraindicated in pregnancy, and hematological dysfunctions) is a characteristic adverse effect of this anti-parasitic

Answer 31

Quinine

Question 32

GI upset, headache, tinnitus, vertigo, blurred vision, cardiac conduction problems, contraindicated in pregnancy, and hematological dysfunctions (black box) are adverse effects of this

Answer 32

Quinine (adverse effects called Cinchonism)

Question 33

Tinnitus, vertigo and blurred vision are adverse effects of this anti-parasitic

Answer 33

Quinine

Question 34

Hematological dysfunctions are black box warnings of this anti-parasitic

Answer 34

Quinine

Question 35

Black box warning for Quinine

Answer 35

Hematological dysfunctions

Question 36

Anti-parasitic with neurological symptoms (intensifies most neuropsychiatric reactions, and increased aggressive tendencies) and cardiotoxic when used with quinine as adverse effects

Answer 36

Mefloquine

Question 37

Mefloquine is cardiotoxic when used with this

Answer 37

Quinine

Question 38

This anti-parasitic is cardiotoxic when used with quinine

Answer 38

Mefloquine

Question 39

Anti-parasitic used for Prevention (prophylaxis) and treatment of malaria, especially in areas with known chloroquine-resistant malaria MOA unknown Adverse effects include GI upset, skin rash, headaches, dizziness, neurological symptoms and cardiotoxicity interaction

Answer 39

Mefloquine

Question 40

Anti-parasitic used for prevention of malaria infection Not very useful in acute attacks Activated to a cellular oxidant, which disrupts membranes and nucleic acid structures

Answer 40

Primaquine

Question 41

Primaquine is activated to this which disrupts membranes and nucleic acid structures

Answer 41

Cellular oxidant

Question 42

MOA of primaquine

Answer 42

Activated to a cellular oxidant, disrupts membranes and nucleic acid structures

Question 43

Anti-parasitic with these adverse effects: Hemolytic anemia (G6PDH deficient patients at greatest risk) GI upset Pruritus Headaches Blood dyscrasias Contraindicated in pregnancy

Answer 43

Primaquine

Question 44

Hemolytic anemia from Primaquine is at greatest risk in these patients

Answer 44

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient patients

Question 45

Hemolytic anemia (G6PDH deficient patients most at risk) is an adverse effect of this anti-parasitic

Answer 45

Primaquine

Question 46

Entamoeba histolytica is the primary causative agent of this

Answer 46

Amebiasis

Question 47

Chloroquine, Metronidazole and Tinidazole are systemic agents for this parasitic infection

Answer 47

Amebiasis

Question 48

Paromomycin is a luminal agent for this parasitic infection

Answer 48

Amebiasis

Question 49

Metronidazole and tinidazole are mixed agents effective against systemic and luminal forms of this parasitic infection

Answer 49

Amebiasis

Question 50

Infectious organism of the genus Leishmania is common of this parasitic infection

Answer 50

Leishmaniasis

Question 51

Drug indicated for Leishmaniasis Adverse effects include pain at injection site, GI upset, and cardiac toxicity

Answer 51

Stibogluconate sodium

Question 52

MOA of Stibogluconate sodium is related to this

Answer 52

Antimony disruption of glycolysis in parasite

Question 53

Stibogluconate sodium is indicated for this parasitic infection

Answer 53

Leishmaniasis

Question 54

One adverse effect of Stibogluconate sodium involves this type of toxcity

Answer 54

Cardiac toxicity

Question 55

Treatment for Trypanosomiasis that generates highly reactive free radicals and hydrogen peroxides that disrupt parasite membranes and structures

Answer 55

Nifurtimox

Question 56

Nifurtimox is used for this parasitic infection

Answer 56

Trypanosomiasis

Question 57

Nifurtimox MOA involves the generation of these

Answer 57

Highly reactive free radicals and hydrogen peroxides that disrupt parasite membranes and structures

Question 58

Main adverse effect of Nifurtimox

Answer 58

Hypersensitivity reactions (immediate and delayed are common)

Question 59

Anti-parasitic for Trypanosomiasis that generates oxygen radicals that damage parasite DNA and proteins

Answer 59

Benznidazole

Question 60

Benznidazole MOA generates these

Answer 60

Oxygen radicals that damage parasite DNA and proteins

Question 61

Ivermectin is used to treat this parasitic infection

Answer 61

Infection by Nematodes

Question 62

Anti-parasitic that intensifies GABA-mediated neurotransmission in nematodes causing paralysis

Answer 62

Ivermectin

Question 63

Ivermectin intensifies this in nematodes causing paralysis

Answer 63

GABA-mediated neurotransmission

Question 64

Ivermectin intensifies GABA-mediated neurotransmission in nematodes, causing this

Answer 64

Paralysis

Question 65

Mazzotti reaction is an adverse effect of this

Answer 65

Ivermectin

Question 66

Mazzotti reaction is an adverse effect of ivermectin that is a potentially life-threatening complex of symptoms that appears related to what?

Answer 66

Intensity of the parasitic load

Question 67

Mazzotti reaction is likely the physiological response to this

Answer 67

Massive release of parasitic cytoplasm

Question 68

A potentially life-threatening complex of symptoms that appears related to the intensity of the parasitic load Includes Fever, urticaria, swollen lymph nodes, cardiovascular effects (hypotension, edema, tachycardia) and abdominal pain Usually within a week of start of ivermectin treatment

Answer 68

Mazzotti reaction

Question 69

Mazzotti reaction typically occurs after this much time of starting ivermectin treatment

Answer 69

Within a week

Question 70

Classified as a neglected parasitic infection in USA by the CDC, calling for greater emphasis

Answer 70

Toxoplasmosis

Question 71

Treatment for mites that disrupts sodium transport in mite neuronal membranes, causing depolarization and respiratory paralysis

Answer 71

Permethrin

Question 72

Permethrin is indicated for this

Answer 72

Mites

Question 73

MOA of Permethrin

Answer 73

Disrupts sodium transport in mite neuronal membranes, causing depolarization and respiratory paralysis