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BFOM Exam 3 > Antiparasitic and Antifungal Agents and Resistance > Flashcards

Antiparasitic and Antifungal Agents and Resistance Flashcards

1
Q

What are some challenges when treating systemic mycosis?

A

Patient already debilitated by primary disease
Fungal cells are eukaryotic like host cells
Low therapeutic indices

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2
Q

What are targets for antifungal drugs?

A

Cell wall
Cell membranes
Nuclear division
Nucleic acid synthesis

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3
Q

What are fungal cell walls made of?

A

Glucan and chitin

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4
Q

What are fungal cell membranes made of?

A

Ergosterol

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5
Q

How do polyenes work?

A

Bind ergosterol and form channels in the membrane

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6
Q

What is the most common polyene used against systemic mycosis?

A

Amphotericin B

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7
Q

What is used for candidiasis?

A

Nystatin (more toxic)

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8
Q

What inhibit ergosterol synthesis?

A

Azoles

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9
Q

How do azoles inhibit ergosterol synthesis?

A

Inhibit lanosterol demethylase

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10
Q

How is amphotericin B made less toxic?

A

By being made into liposomes

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11
Q

What drug is most affective against yeast DNA/RNA synthesis?

A

5-fluorocytosine (5-FC)

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12
Q

How does 5-FC work?

A

It takes the place of cytosine in DNA; deaminase turns it into 5-FU in RNA

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13
Q

What inhibits cell wall synthesis?

A

Echinocandins (caspofungin)

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14
Q

How do echinocandins work?

A

Inhibits synthesis of beta-glucan from glucose

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15
Q

What does griseofulvin bind?

A

Tubulin and keratin

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16
Q

What inhibits nuclear division?

A

Griseofulvin

17
Q

Where is griseofulvin effective?

A

In fungi infections of the hair and nails due to it’s high affinity to keratin

18
Q

What does Metronidazole target?

A

Anaerobic bacteria

19
Q

What is the drug of choice against Clostridium difficile

A

Metronidazole

20
Q

What are the two most common Benzimidazoles?

A

Mebendazole and albendazole

21
Q

What are Benzimidazoles?

A

Broad-spectrum antihelminthic activity

22
Q

What enzyme in folic acid metabolism is needed by all organisms?

A

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)

23
Q

What drug is used for inhibiting folic acid synthesis in Plasmodium?

A

Pyrimethamine

24
Q

What drug is used for inhibiting folic acid synthesis in bacteria?

A

Trimethoprim (TMP)

25
Q

What inhibits folic acid synthesis in human cells and how does it only target cancer cells?

A

Methotrexate; because cancer cells are more rapidly dividing than regular cells so they uptake it first

BFOM Exam 3 (17 decks)

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