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Pharmacology 316a > Antinfective Prototypes > Flashcards

Antinfective Prototypes Flashcards

1
Q

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

A

gentamicin

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2
Q

CARBAPENEMS

A

ertapenem

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3
Q

CEPHALOSPORINS

A

cephaclor

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4
Q

FLUOROQUINOLONES

A

ciprofloxacin

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5
Q

PENICILLINS

A

amoxicillin

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6
Q

SULFONAMIDES

A

cotrimoxazole

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7
Q

TETRACYCLINES

A

tetracycline

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8
Q

ANTIMYCOBACTERIALS

A

isoniazid

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9
Q

MACROLIDES

A

erythromycin

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10
Q

AGENTS FOR INFLUENZA A AND RESPIRATORY VIRUSES

A

rimantidine

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11
Q

AGENTS FOR HERPES VIRUS AND CYTOMEGALOVIRUS

A

acyclovir

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12
Q

SYSTEMIC ANTIFUNGALS

A

fluconazole

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13
Q

ANTIPROTOZOALS

A

metronidazole

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14
Q

Gentamicin

A
  • Indicated for tx of serious infections caused by susceptible gram-negative bacteria
  • Inhibits protein synthesis, disrupting functional integrity of cell membrane and causing cell death.
  • Available in IV, IM, opthalmic, topical, intrathecal, impregnated beads on surgical wire, and liposomal injection
  • Peak: 30-90 min
  • T1/2: 2-3 hours; metabolized in liver; excreted in urine
  • Adverse effects: sinusitis, dizziness, rash, fever, nephrotoxicity
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15
Q

Acyclovir

A
  • Indicated for tx of HSV 1 and 2 infections; tx of severe genital HSV; tx HSV encephalitis; acute tx of shingles and chickenpox; ointment for tx of genital herpes; cream for tx of cold sores
  • Inhibits viral DNA replication
  • PO, IV, topical
  • Peak: 1-2 hours
  • T1/2: 2.5-5 hours; excreted unchanged in the urine
  • Adverse effects: H/A, vertigo, tremors, N&V, rash
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16
Q

Amoxicillin

A
  • Indicated for tx of infections caused by susceptible bacteria, postexposure prophylaxis for anthrax, tx of Helicobacter infections
  • Inhibits synthesis of cell wall, causing cell death
  • PO
  • Peak: 1 hour
  • T1/2: 1-1.4 hours; excreted unchanged in urine
  • Adverse effects: N&V, diarrhea, glossitis, stomatitis, bone marrow suppression, rash, fever, superinfections, lethargy
17
Q

Ertapenem

A
  • Indicated for tx of community-acquired pneumonia, complicated GU infections, complicated intra-abdominal infections, skin and skin-structure infections, and acute pelvic infections cause by susceptible bacteria
  • Inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible strains of gram-negative bacteria, disrupting functional integrity of cell membrane and causing cell death
  • IM, IV
  • Peak: 30-120 min
  • T1/2: 4 hours; excreted unchanged in urine
  • Adverse effects: H/A, dizziness, N&V, pseudomembranous colitis, rash, pain at injection site
18
Q

Cephaclor

A
  • Indicated for tx of respiratory, dermatological, urinary tract, and middle ear infections caused by susceptible strains of bacteria
  • Inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell walls, causing cell death in susceptible bacteria
  • PO
  • Peak: 30-60 min
  • T1/2: 30-60 mins; excreted unchanged in urine
  • Adverse effects: N&V, diarrhea, rash, superinfection, bone marrow depression, risk for psuedomembranous colitis
19
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A
  • Indicated for tx of respiratory, dermatological, urinary tract, ear, eye, bone, and joint infections; tx after anthrax exposure, typhoid fever
  • Interferes with DNA replication in susceptible gram-negative bacteria, preventing cell reproduction
  • PO, IV
  • Peak: 30-90 mins
  • T1/2: 3.5-4 hours; metabolized by liver, excreted in bile and urine
  • Adverse effects: H/A, dizziness, hypotension, N&V, diarrhea, fever, rash
20
Q

Cotrimoxazole

A
  • Indicated for UTI, acute OM in peds, exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in adults, traveler’s diarrhea in adults, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia when caused by susceptible strains of bacteria
  • Blocks two consecutive steps in protein and nucleic acid production, leading to inability for cells to multiply
  • PO
  • Peak: 1-4 hours
  • T1/2: 8-10 hours; excreted in urine
  • Adverse effects: N&V, diarrhea, hepatocellular necrosis, hematuria, bone marrow suppression, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, rash, urticaria, photophobia, fever, chills
21
Q

Tetracycline

A
  • Indicated for tx of various infections caused by susceptible bacteria; acne; when PCN is contraindicated
  • Inhibits protein synthesis, preventing cell relication
  • PO, topical
  • Peak: 2-4 hours
  • T1/2: 6-12 hours; excreted unchanged in urine
  • Adverse effects: N&V, diarrhea, glossitis, discoloring and inadequate calcification of primary teeth of fetus when used in pregnant women or of secondary teeth when used in peds, bone marrow suppression, photosensitivity, superinfections, rash, local irritation with topical forms
22
Q

Isoniazid

A
  • Indicated for tx of TB as part of combo therapy; prophylactic tx of household members of recently diagnosed tuberculars
  • Interferes with lipid and nucleic acid synthesis in actively growing tubercle bacilli
  • PO
  • Peak: 1-2 hours
  • T1/2: 1-4 hours; metabolized in liver, excreted in urine
  • Adverse effects: peripheral neuropathies, N&V, hepatitis, bone marrow suppression, fever, local irritation at injection sites, gynecomastia, lupus syndrome

Pharmacology 316a (4 decks)

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