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Pharmacology Exam 3 > Antineoplastic Drugs- Cell Cycle Specific > Flashcards

Antineoplastic Drugs- Cell Cycle Specific Flashcards

1
Q

Cell Cycle Specific means

A

Drugs have specific effect on particular point in the cell cycle

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2
Q

Why are there no true contraindications to antineoplastic drugs?

A

The benefits outweigh the risks. Might adjust accordingly, or might just pretreat the patient for expected adverse effects.

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3
Q

Mechanism of action of Antimetabolites

A

Inhibit cell growth by interfering with the synthesis of compounds needed for cell reproduction (folic acid, purines, and pyramidines)

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4
Q

Indications for Antimetabolites

A

Solid tumors (tumor at some specific location in the body), leukemias, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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5
Q

Nursing Considerations for Antimetabolites

A

Educate on potential for Adverse Effects: hair loss, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, myelosuppression

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6
Q

Antimetabolite Key drugs

A

Methotrexate

Cytarabine

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7
Q

Indications for methotrexate

A

Antagonizes folic acid production– cells can no longer grow and reproduce. For treatment of solid tumors such as breast, head and neck, lung cancers, acute lymphocytic leukemia, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas

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8
Q

Nursing Considerations for methotrexate

A

Severe bone marrow suppression with high doses. Will give “rescue” drug leucovorin to prevent myelosuppression.

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9
Q

Indications for cytarabine

A

Pyradine antagonist. Treats acute myelocytic and lymphocytic leukemia, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas.

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10
Q

Nursing Considerations for cytarabine

A

Can cause Cytarabine syndrome (6-12 hours after infusion): fever, muscle and bone pain, maculopapular rash (on arms), conjunctivitis, and malaise. Can pretreat with corticosteroids to prevent this.

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11
Q

Mechanism of Action of Topoisomerase II Inhibitors

A

Inhibit enzyme topoisomerase II causing breaks in DNA strands, which leads to cell death.

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12
Q

Indications for Topoisomerase II Inhibitors

A

Small cell lung cancer and testicular cancer

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13
Q

Adverse Effects of Topoisomerase II Inhibitors

A

Hair loss, nausea, vomiting

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14
Q

Nursing Considerations of Topoisomerase II Inhibitors

A

Causes reduced clearance of warfarin and cyclosporine- prolonged AE like increased bleeding tendencies. Watch INR and give lower warfarin dose.

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15
Q

Topoisomerase II Inhibitor Key Drugs

A

Etoposide- same profile as general class

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16
Q

Nursing Considerations for Etoposide

A

Treatment of small cell lung cancer and testicular cancer. Interacts with warfarin and cyclosporine.

17
Q

Mechanism of Action for Mitotic Inhibitors

A

Works before or during cell mitosis to inhibit cell division

18
Q

Indications for Mitotic Inhibitors

A

Variety of solid tumors and some hematologic malignancies (leukemias)

19
Q

Adverse Effects of Mitotic Inhibitors

A

Hair loss, nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression

20
Q

Nursing Considerations for Mitotic Inhibitors

A

Can pretreat with antiemetic to avoid nausea and vomiting

21
Q

Mitotic Inhibitors Key Drug

A

paclitaxel

vincristine

22
Q

Indications for paclitaxel

A

Treatment of ovarian cancer, breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and kaposi’s sarcoma

23
Q

Nursing Considerations for paclitaxel

A

Can produce hypersensitivity during infusion. Pretreat with steroid (dexomethasone), H1 receptor antagonist (diphenhydramine), or H2 receptor agonist (renididine) to prevent reaction

24
Q

Indications for vincristine

A

Treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia and other cancers (used in conjunction with other neoplastic drugs)

25
Q

Nursing considerations for vincristine

A

Do NOT give via intrathecal route, very safe IV

26
Q

Mechanism of Action for Antineoplastic Enzymes

A

Enzyme that catalyzes conversion of aspargine (amino acid needed for DNA synthesis) to aspartic acid and ammonia. It INHIBITS DNA synthesis.

27
Q

Indicatiosn for Antineoplastic Enzymes

A

ONLY aproved for acute lymphocytic leukemia

28
Q

Adverse Effects for Antineoplastic Enzymes

A

hair loss, nausea, vomiting, impaired pancreatic function, specifically in beta cells (causes hyperglycemia). Can also cause pancreatitis.

29
Q

Nursing Considerations for Antineoplastic Enzymes

A

Monitor blood sugars!

30
Q

Antineoplastic Enzymes Key Drugs

A

Asparaginase

31
Q

Nursing Considerations for Asparaginase

A

Treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia, derived from E. coli bacterium. Common for patients to develop allergic reaction- monitor reaction… if it is severe enough, might use similar drug that is even more toxic, but less risk of hypersensitivity.

Pharmacology Exam 3 (4 decks)

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