Antimycobacterial drugs (3 Q's on the test)

Question 1

mycobacteria can be identified by what kind of test

Answer 1

acid fast stain (ziehl-neelsen stain) They dont lose their color

Question 2

first line of therapy for antituberculosis drugs

Answer 2

RIPE:
Rifamycins
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

Question 3

Rifamycins: -cidal or -static?

Answer 3

-cidal

Question 4

Rifamycin MOA

Answer 4

inhibition of bacterial RNA polymerase

Question 5

Isoniazid MOA

Answer 5

inhibition of mycolic acid biosynthesis (cell wall)

Question 6

Isoniazid: -cidal or -static?

Answer 6

-static but can be -cidal with high enough dose

Question 7

Which of the RIPE drugs are pro-drugs?

Answer 7

Isoniazid

Pyrazinamide (activated at low pH)

Question 8

Pyrazinamide MOA

Answer 8

inhibits mycolic acid biosynthesis (cell wall)
disrupts membrane potential
ribosomal protein binding

Question 9

Ethambutol: -cidal or -static?

Answer 9

-static

Question 10

Ethambutol MOA

Answer 10

inhibits arabinose polymerization (cell wall)

Question 11

What drugs are the 2nd line of therapy for antituberculosis drugs?

Answer 11

Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones
Capreomycin
Ethionamide
Cycloserine
Para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS)

Question 12

Aminoglycosides: -cidal or -static

Answer 12

-cidal

Question 13

Streptomycin, Amikacin and Kanamycin are all

Answer 13

aminoglycosides

Question 14

Aminoglycosides MOA? (streptomycin, amikacin, kanamycin)

Answer 14

protein synthesis inhibition

Question 15

Fluoroquinolones: -static or -cidal

Answer 15

-cidal

Question 16

Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin are both

Answer 16

fluoroquinolones

Question 17

Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin) MOA?

Answer 17

DNA gyrase, Topo IV inhibition

Question 18

Capreomycin: -static or -cidal

Answer 18

-cidal

Question 19

Capreomycin MOA?

Answer 19

protein synthesis inhibition (50S and 30S)

Question 20

Ethionamide: -cidal or -static?

Answer 20

-cidal

Question 21

Ethionamide is similar to … because …

Answer 21

Isoniazid (INH)

its a pro-drug and it inhibits mycolic acid biosynthesis (cell wall)

Question 22

3 drugs that inhibit mycolic acid biosynthesis

Answer 22

Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethionamide

Question 23

Cycloserine: -cidal or -static

Answer 23

-cidal

Question 24

Cycloserine MOA

Answer 24

prevents D-ala and D-ala-D-ala formation

Question 25

para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS): -cidal or -static?

Answer 25

-static

Question 26

PAS MOA?

Answer 26

folate synthesis inhibitor (like sulfonamides)

Question 27

T/F: all the RIPE drugs are absorbed well orally

Answer 27

true

Question 28

what can toxicity of ethambutol cause?

Answer 28

visual disturbances, can lead to blindness with sudden onset

Question 29

Ethambutol shows synergism with ....

Answer 29

Rifampins (allows more drug to enter cell by disruption of cell wall)

Question 30

route of administration for capreomycin?

Answer 30

parenteral only

Question 31

Sirturo MOA?

Answer 31

ATP synthase inhibitor

Question 32

Aztreonam is good against Gram positive or Gram negative bacteria?

Answer 32

Gram negative

Question 33

``` Which of the following is antagonistic when used with amoxicillin? vancomycin amikacin sulfamethoxypyridazine moxifloxacin metronidazole ```

Answer 33

sulfamethoxypyridazine (because it is static while the other drugs are cidal)