Antimicrobials Part 1 Flashcards
What organisms are part of the oral microbiome
Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses
Protozoa
What are modulating factors of the oral microbiome
Anatomy
Saliva
Givgival Crevicular fluid
Microbial factors
Local environment- moisture, pH, antimicrobial therapy, diet(sugars), fluoride
The oral microbiome constitutes mainly of what type of organisms?
Bacterial
500-700 common species of bacteria
Of the 500-700 common bacterial species, what percentage of them are culturable?
only around 50%
How are you able to identify non-culturable organisms?
Molecular technology
The taxonomy of the oral flora changes based on …
Sequencing of ribosomal RNA
The human microflora is a mixture of …
bacteria, fungi and viruses
How is the human microflora kept in balance?
Kept in balance by the immune system
Oral habitats can change over time. Give some examples of some changes that can occur in the oral habitat
Deciduous exfoliation
Prostheses
Give examples of stagnation areas in the mouth
Occlusal fissures
Poor restorations
Malaligned teeth
List some aerobic gram positive cocci found in the oral cavity
S mutans
S salivarius
S anginosus
S mitis
S pyogenes
What bacterial microorganism causes strawberry tongue?
Streptococcus pyogenes
List some other gram positive cocci
Anaerobic streptococci
Stomatococci
Staphylococci
Micrococci
Give examples of gram positive rods and filaments
Lactobacilli
Propionibacteria
Actinomycetes
Give examples of gram negative cocci
Neisseria
Veillonella
Give examples of facultative anaerobic bacteria (gram negative rods)
Haemophilus
Aggregobacter
Eikenella
Capnocytophaga
Give examples of obligate anaerobes (gram negative rods)
Porphymonas
Prevotella
Fusobacteria
Leptotrichia
Wolinella
Selelnomonas
Treponema
Give examples of viruses of the oral cavity
Papovaviruses
Adenoviruses
Herpesviruses (Herpes labialis)
Orthomyxoviridae
Papilloma viruses
Paramyxoviridae
Picornaviridae
Rhinoviruses
Togaviridae
Coxsackieviruses
Orthomyxoviridae viruses cause…
Influenza
What papilloma virus is associated with oropharyngeal cancer?
HPV-16
What microorganism is responsible for >90% of human candida infections?
Candida Albicans
Candida infections are often opportunistic. What are the predisposing factors to candida infections?
Ill fitting or poor hygiene of oral appliance
Disturbed oral ecology e.g. xerostomia or antibiotic therapy
Immunological or endocrine disorder e.g. diabetes mellitus
Malignant or Chronic disease
Heavy smoking
What is the treatment for candida infections involve?
Identifying and addressing the predisposing factor
What factors modulate microbial growth
Saliva
GCF
Hard to clean areas
Local pH
Antimicrobial therapy
Diet (sugars)
Fluoride