Antimicrobials for TB Flashcards
Rifampicin: Mechanism of action
Inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase inhibiting DNA transcription. It is bacteriostatic or bactericidal, depending on the susceptibility of the bacteria and the concentration of the drug.
Rifampicin: Clinical effects/ use
Initial and continuation phase of TB treatment
Rifampicin: Cautions/ contraindications
lessens effect of hormonal contraceptives interacts with several drugs - corticosteroids, phenatonin, sulfonureas anticoagulants (enzyme inducer)
Rifampicin: Side effects
transient disturbance of liver function, turns bodily fluids orange/red
Rifampicin: Dose
600-900mg 3 times a week (intermittent supervised treatment)
Isoniazid: Mechanism of action
Inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acids, which are required components of the mycobacterial cell wall. It is bactericidal to rapidly dividing mycobacteria, but is bacteriostatic if the mycobacteria are slow-growing.
Isoniazid: Clinical effects/ use
Initial and continuation phase of TB treatment
Isoniazid: Cautions/ contraindications
hepatic impairment - monitor bloods closely
Isoniazid: Side effects
Peripheral neuropathy
Isoniazid: Dose
15 mg/kg per week man 900mg (intermittent supervised treatment)
Pyrazinamide: Mechanism of action
Bacteriacidal – mechanism relatively unknown
Pyrazinamide: Clinical effects/ use
Initial phase of TB treatment (first 2 months)
Pyrazinamide: Cautions/ contraindications
acute porphyria avoid in acute attack of gout, hepatic or renal impairment
Pyrazinamide: Side effects
Liver toxicity
Pyrazinamide: Dose
2.5g/kg 3 times a week (intermittent supervised treatment)
