Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm 2 > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

Sulfonamides MOA
ADRs
Examples

A
  • inhibit one of the sequential steps in the production of folic acid, often combined with trimethoprim
  • skin rash, GI, headache, renal damage, liver damage, kernicterus in newborns, STEVEN JOHNSON SYNDROME, BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION
  • sulfamethoxazole (bactrim)
  • community acquired MRSA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Penicillins MOA

ADRs

A
  • inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis
  • fairly non toxic, GI (NVD), rash
  • can be used in pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

examples of narrow spectrum PCNs

A 
PCN G (injection/IV)
PCN V (oral)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

examples of extended spectrum PCN

A

ampicillin
amoxicillin
piperacillin and ticarcillin combined w/beta lactamase inhibitor for nosocomial pneumonias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PCNase resistant PCN examples

A

methicillin
nafcillin/oxacillin
dicloxacillin
used for serious staph infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Beta-lactamase inhibitors MOA and examples

A

inhibits beta-lactamase enzyme, no antimicrobial activity alone, must be combined w/ beta-lactam antibiotic

  • amox + clavulanate=augmentin
  • ticaricillin
  • ampicillin
  • piperacillin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

misc beta lactams aztreonam IV

A
  • good for gram - (p. aeruinosa)

- can be used in PCN allergy pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

misc beta lactam carbapenems examples

A

-PENEMs
-wide range of gram +/-. aerobic and anaerobic
-can’t be used in PCN allergy
impinem/cilistatin IV
meropenem IV
Ertapenem IV/IM
Doripenem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cephalosporins MOA and ADRs

A

-inhibit bacterial wall synthesis, but beta-lactamase resistant
-similar to PCN
can be used in pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

1st gen ceph

A

good for gram +, limited gram -
-cefadroxil (PO)
-cefazolin (IV)
cephalexin (PO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

2nd gen ceph

A

similar gram +. some gram -

  • cefaclor
  • cefprozil
  • ceftetan
  • cefoxitin
  • cefuroxime axetil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3rd gen ceph

A

less gram +, more gram -

  • cefixime
  • cefdinir
  • cefpodoxime
  • cefditoren
  • ceftibuten
  • ceftriaxone
  • ceftazidime
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

4th gen ceph

A

best for gram -

cefipime IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

5th gen ceph

A

new drug for MRSA
ceftaroline
ceftolozane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

fluoroquinolones name endings, MOA, ADR and CI

A
  • OXACIN
  • inhibit DNA topoisomerase which is involved in repair, transcription, recombination and replication of DNA
  • photosensitivity, GI, tendinopathy
  • children <18 and pregnant
  • do not give with cations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

macrolides name endings, MOA, ADR, and example

A
  • THROMYCIN
  • inhibit bacterial protein synthesis on the 50s ribosomal subunit
  • GI, cholestatic hepatitis
  • good alternative for PCN allergy, can be used in pregnancy
  • erythromycin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

advanced macrolide examples

A

azithromycin and clarithromycin

18
Q

tetracycline MOA, ADRs

A
  • inhibit bacterial protein synthesis at 30s ribosomal subunit, reversible
  • yellow/gray teeth, photosensitivity, don’t give w/cations
19
Q

aminoglycosides MOA, ADRS, examples

A
  • inhibit bacterial protein synthesis at 30s ribosomal subunit, irreversible
  • oto and nephrotoxic, monitor blood levels
  • gentamycin, tobramycin, kanamycin
20
Q

chloramphenicol (IV) MOA, ADR

A
  • blocks peptide bond formation at 50s subunit

- aplastic anemia, gray-baby syndrome

21
Q

vancomycin MOA, ADR

A
  • inhibit bacterial wall synthesis
  • restrict use to serious gram + infections like MRSA or C. Dif
  • red man syndrome
22
Q

daptomycin MOA, ADR

A
  • depolarization of bacterial cytoplasmic membrane

- nausea, constipation, increased LFTs and CPK level

23
Q

telavancin MOA, ADR

A
  • inhibit bacterial wall synthesis w/additional MOA disrupting bacterial cell membrane
  • used for resistant gram + such as MRSA
  • taste disturbances, foamy urine
24
Q

Dalbavancin MOA ADR

A
  • interfere w/cell wall synthesis
  • nausea, headache, diarrhea
  • possible anaphylactic rxn
25
Q

oritavancin MOA ADR

A
  • inhibits transglycosylation step of cell wall biosyn by binding to the stem pepide of peptidoglycan precursor
  • inhibits transpeptidation step of cell wall bio
  • disruption of bacterial membrane integrity leading to depolarization
26
Q

linezolid MOA ADR

A
  • binds to site on the bacterial 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit and prevents formation of a functional 70S initiation complex
  • used to treat VRSA, MRSA, VRE-faecalis and faecium
  • bone marrow suppression, tongue discoloration
27
Q

tedizolid MOA

A

-binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome

28
Q

metronidazole

A
  • used for first line C. Diff and trichomoniasis

- NO ETOH

29
Q

Bezlotoxumab

A

-human monoclonal antibody that binds to C. Diff toxin B

30
Q

Clindamycin

A
  • used to treat strep and staph
  • anaerobic infections
  • do not use more than 10 days
31
Q

quinupristin/dalfopristin

A
  • streptogramin class

- painful IV injection, ,arthralgia

32
Q

rifampin

A
  • primary use for TB

- red-orange urine/sweat/tears

33
Q

nitrofurantoin

A

prevention and tx of UTIs

34
Q

fidaxomicin MOA

A
  • macrolide

- used for C diff after metronidazole

35
Q

benznidazole

A

-tx off Chagas disease

36
Q

raxibacumab

A

binds free protective antigen of anthrax blocking the combo of secreted enzymes with PA which makes them toxic

37
Q

obiltoxaximab

A

BBW for hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis

38
Q

inhibit cell wall synthesis

A

beta lactams (PCN, cephalosporins, carbapenems)
vancomycin
daptomycin

39
Q

inhibit nucleic acid synthesis

A

quinolones-DNA topoisomerase
sulfamethoxazole-folic acid
metronidiazole/nitrofurantoin-free radicles

40
Q

inhibit 50S subunit

A 
macrolides
clindamycin
linezolid
streptogramin
chloramphenicol
41
Q

inhibit 30S subunit

A

amingoglycosides

tetracyclines

Pharm 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions