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!!!!! Pharm spring 16 Exam 1 !!!!! > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

Most allergenic

A

Penicillin

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2
Q

B- Lactamase

A

Cephalosporins and Penicillins

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3
Q

Highest incidence of skin rash

A

Ampicillin

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4
Q

Best absorbed from GI

A

Amoxacillin

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5
Q

60% renal excretion, 40% bile

A

Cephalosporins

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6
Q

First generation cephalosporin

A

Cefazolin (Ancef), Cephalexin (Keflex)

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7
Q

Second generation Cephalosporin

A

Cefoxitin (Mefoxin)

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8
Q

Third generation Cephalosporin

A

Cefotaxime(Claforan), Ceftriaxone(Rocephin)

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9
Q

Inhibits Pre-junctional release of ACh and Post-synaptic sensitivity of ACh

This class includes which drugs?

A

Aminoglycosides

  1. Streptomycin
  2. Kanamycin
  3. Amikacin
  4. Gentimycin
  5. Neomycin
  6. Tobramycin
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10
Q

Nephrotoxicity with first sign of inability to concentrate urine

A

Aminoglycosides- Neomycin is the most nephrotoxic

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11
Q

Calcium may not counteract profound muscle weakness

A

Aminoglycosides

  1. Streptomycin
  2. Kanamycin
  3. Amikacin
  4. Gentimycin
  5. Neomycin
  6. Tobramycin
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12
Q

Myasthenia Gravis is uniquely sensitive to this class of drugs

A

Aminoglycosides

  1. Streptomycin
  2. Kanamycin
  3. Amikacin
  4. Gentimycin
  5. Neomycin
  6. Tobramycin
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13
Q

Renal excretion by GFR

A

Aminoglycosides

Fluroquinalones

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14
Q

Gram (-)

A

Aminoglycosides
Polymyxin B and Colisimethate
Metronidazole

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15
Q

Increased Plasma Concentrations 20-30 fold with renal failure

A

Aminoglycosides

  1. Streptomycin
  2. Kanamycin
  3. Amikacin
  4. Gentimycin
  5. Neomycin
  6. Tobramycin
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16
Q

NM blocking effects of lidocaine is enhanced

A

Aminoglycosides

  1. Streptomycin
  2. Kanamycin
  3. Amikacin
  4. Gentimycin
  5. Neomycin
  6. Tobramycin
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17
Q

Drug accumulates in renal cortex and causes tubular necrosis

A

Aminoglycosides- Neomycin is the most nephrotoxic

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18
Q

Ototoxicity and Nephrotoxicity

A

Aminoglycosides

Vancomycin

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19
Q

Toxic >9mcg/ml

A

Gentimycin

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20
Q

Brings ammonia levels down in hepatic coma

A

Neomycin

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21
Q

Broad Spectrum Antibiotic

A

Tetracycline

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22
Q

Excreted in Urine and Bile

A

Tetracycline
Cephalosporins
Rifampin

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23
Q

Renal excretion

A

Penicillins

Aminoglycosides

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24
Q

Permanant discoloration of teeth, phytotoxicity, treatment of acne

A

Tetracycline

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25
Q

decreases fatty acid content in serum

A

Tetracycline

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26
Q

long acting IV and PO formulations of tetracycline

A

Doxyycline

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27
Q

Bacteriostatic Drug

A

Azythromycin
Clindamycin (linomycins)
Sulfonamides
Tetracycline

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28
Q

Two macrolides

A

Azythromycin and Erythromycin

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29
Q

Hepatic Metabolism by CY P450 System

A

MACROCODES: Azythromycin and Erythromycin

30
Q

GI intolerance, QT effects Thrombophlebitis

A

MACROCODES: Azythromycin and Erythromycin

31
Q

Given in the OR for gastric Emptying

A

MACROCODES: Azythromycin and Erythromycin

32
Q

Bacteriostatic depends on organism being targeted/treated

A

Erythromycin

33
Q

Gram (+) bacteria

A

Penicillin

Erythromycin

34
Q

QT prolongation, torsades

A

MACROCODES: Azythromycin and Erythromycin

35
Q 
Aerobic Gram (+) cocci
ANaerobic Gram (-) bacilli
A

Clindamycin

36
Q

most effective towards anaerobes

A

Clindamycin

37
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis caused by this drug

A

Clindamycin

38
Q

Pre and post junctional neuromuscular effects

A

Aminoglycosides

Clyndamycin

39
Q

May prolong NMB agens such as Succinylcoline and vecuronium

A

Clindamycin

40
Q

Used for serious GI and female genital tract infections

A

Clindamycin

41
Q

Antagonist of macrolides

A

Clindamycin

42
Q

Severe staph, streptococcal, enterococcal endocardidtis, MRSA

A

Vancomycin

43
Q

Inhibits microbial synthesis of folic acid

A

Sulfonomides

44
Q

skin rash d/t anaphylaxis
Drug fever
Hepatotoxcity rare
Acute hemolytic anemia

A

Sulfonomides

45
Q

Effects PO anticoagualts, (warfarin)

A

Sulfonomides

46
Q

UTI treatment

A

Sulfonomides

47
Q

Most potent of all antimicrobials at NMJ, predominantly pre junctional, resembles NDNMB, not antagonized by Neo or Ca++

A

Polymyxin B and Colisimethate

48
Q

HIGHLY neuro and nephrotoxic

A

Polymyxin B and Colisimethate

49
Q

not absorbed GI, can be used in gut sterilization

A

Polymyxin B and Colisimethate

50
Q

used for SEVERE UTI, urosepsis skin, mucous membrane, skin and eye infections.

A

Polymyxin B and Colisimethate

51
Q

Marked potentiation of NDNMB agents

A

Polymyxin B and Colisimethate

52
Q

Bacterialcidal, effects cell wall membrane phospholipids (detergent)

A

Polymyxin B and Colisimethate

53
Q

CNS infections, abdominal and pelvic sepsis

A

Metronidazole

54
Q

Treatment for pseudomembranous colitis

A

Vanc and Flagyl

55
Q

Elimination half time 2-3 hours

A

Aminoglycosides

56
Q

Elimination half time 3-8 hours

A

Fluroquinalones

  1. Ciporfloxin
  2. Levofloxin
57
Q

bowel surgery and complicated GI and GU infection

A

Fluroquinalones

  1. Ciporfloxin
  2. Levofloxin
58
Q

Inhibit CY P450 system

A

Fluroquinalones

  1. Ciporfloxin
  2. Levofloxin
59
Q

Used for a variety of systemic infections including respiratory tract

A

Ciprofloxin

60
Q

Broad spectrum but very effective against gram (-)

A

Fluroquinalones

  1. Ciporfloxin
  2. Levofloxin

Think me in india and mel on the way

61
Q

Potent inducer of CY P450 system

A

Rifampin

62
Q

Excellerates metabolism of opioids, NMB agents, warfarin

A

Rifampin (CY P450 inducer)

63
Q

Enters CNS

A

Rifampin

Metronidazole

64
Q

Inhibits RNA chain bacteria

A

Rifampin

65
Q

enters phagocytic cellas and kills by inhibitinng organisms RNA

A

Rifampin- how it kill TB

66
Q

Gram (+)
Gram (-)
Mycobacteria

A

Rifampin

67
Q

Effects cell wall permeability

A

Amphotericin B

68
Q

Fever chills, dyspneal hypotension NV during infusion

A

Amphotericin B

69
Q

Hypokalemia, caused by this drug

A

Amphotericin B

70
Q

Creatitnine >3.5- must stop this drug

A

Amphotericin B

71
Q

Advers relations include thrombocytopenia an anemia

A

Amphotericin B

!!!!! Pharm spring 16 Exam 1 !!!!! (4 decks)

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