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(Step 1) Pharmacology > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin G,V MOA

A

Bind to PBPs and block the transpeptidase crosslinking of peptidoglycan

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2
Q

Penicillin G,V Toxicity

A

Hypersensitivity and Hemolytic Anemia

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3
Q

Amoxicillin, Ampicillin MOA

A

Aminopenicillins (Extended spectrum) with enhanced ability to penetrate Gram (-) membrane. Penicillinase sensitive

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4
Q

Amoxicillin, Ampicillin Toxicity

A

Rash, Pseudomembranous Colitis

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5
Q

Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin MOA

A

(Narrow Spectrum) Penicillins with bulky R groups to block access of B-Lactamases. Penicillinase sensitive.

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6
Q

Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin Toxicity

A

Interstitial Nephritis

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7
Q

Pipercillin, Ticarcillin

A

(Extended Spectrum) Antipseudomonals

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8
Q

Name B-Lactamase Inhibitors

A

CAST

Clavulonic Acid, Sulbactam, Tazobactam

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9
Q

Cefazolin, Cephalexin

A

1st Gen Cephalosporins

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10
Q

Cefoxitin, Cefaclor, Cefuroxime

A

2nd Gen Cephalosporins

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11
Q

Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime uses

A

3rd Gen Cephalosporins
Triaxone: Meningitis, gonorrhea, Lyme disease
Tazadime: Pseudomonas

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12
Q

Cefepime

A

4th Gen Cephalosporins

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13
Q

Cephalosporin Toxicity

A

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, Disulfram-like reaction, Vitamin K deficiency, cross-reactive with penicillins, increased nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides

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14
Q

Imipenem, Meropenem Toxicity

A

Carbopenems (broad spectrum).

Siezures, GI Distress, skin rash. Given with Cilastin to prevent toxicity in Kidney metabolism.

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15
Q

Aztreonam MOA and Use

A

Monobactam (Gram (-) rods only) Binds to PBP-3 and is synergistic with Aminoglycosides.
No Toxicity

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16
Q

Vancomycin MOA and Use

A

Binds to D-Ala D-Ala, cell wall inhibitor

Gram (+) bugs only

17
Q

Vancomycin Toxicity

A

“NOT trouble free”
Nephrotoxic, Ototoxic, Thrombophlebitis
Red Man’s Syndrome

18
Q

Aminoglycosides MOA

A

Irreversible binding of 30s subunit, inhibits initiation and translocation and causes misreading of mRNA.
Requires O2 for uptake.
Bacteriocidal - creates fissures in the outer membrane which leaks contents

19
Q

Aminoglycosides Toxicity

A

“Mean GNATS caNNOT kill anaerobes”

Nephrotoxic, Neuromuscular blockade, Ototoxicity, Teratogen

20
Q

Tetracyclines MOA

A

Static; bind to 30s subunits prevent attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA.
Divalent cations prevent gut absorption

21
Q

Tetracyclines Toxicity

A

Discoloration of teeth and inhibition of bone growth, photosensitivity, contraindicated in pregnancy

22
Q

Chloramphenicol MOA

A

Static; Blocks peptidyltransferase at 50s subunit

23
Q

Chloramphenicol Toxicity

A

Anemia, Aplastic Anemia, Gray Baby Syndrome (lack liver UDP-glucoronyl transferase)

24
Q

Clindamycin MOA and Use

A

Static; Blocks translocation at 50s subunit

Treats anaerobic infections ABOVE diaphram

25
Clindamycin Toxicity
Pseudomembranous Colitis, fever, diarrhea
26
Linezolid MOA and Use
Binds 50s subunit and prevents initiation | Gram (+)
27
Linezolid Toxicity
Bone Marrow suppression (thrombocytopenia), Peripheral Neuropathy, Serotonin Syndrome
28
Macrolides (Ezithro, Clarithro, Azithromycin) MOA
Static; prevent Transolocation by binding the 23s rRNA of 50s subunit ("macro-slides")
29
Macrolides Toxicity and Interactions
"MACRO" GI Motility issues, Arrythmia and QT prolongation, Cholestatic hepatitis, Rash, eOsinophilia CYP 450 inhibitor, increase concentration of Theophyllines and Oral Anticoagulants
30
Trimethoprim MOA and Toxicity
Inhibits DHFR "TMP - Treats Marrow Poorly" Megaloblastic Anemia, Leukopenia, Granulocytopenia
31
Sulfamethoxazole MOA and Toxicity
Inhibits folate synthesis, PABA antimetablites inhibit progression. Hemolysis in G6PD deficiency, Nephrotoxic, Photosensitivity, Kernicterus in infants, binds Albumin and displaces other drugs
32
Fluoroquinolones MOA and Toxicity
Inhibits DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV, (cannot be taken with antacids) Damages tendons and cartilage ("lones and bones") so contraindicated for pregnancy and children, QT prolongation
33
Daptomycin MOA and Toxicity
Lipopeptide, disrupts membrane of Gram (+) cocci, but can't be used in pneumonia due to Surfactant Myopathy and Rhabdomyolysis
34
Metronidazole MOA, Use, and Toxicity
Forms free radical metabolites that damage DNA. Only in anaerobes because they contain enzyme Ferredoxin to reduce N. Anaerobic infections BELOW the diaphragm. Disulfram-like effect, headache, metallic taste
35
Antibiotics to avoid in Pregnancy:
``` SAFe Children Take Really Good Care Sulfonamides Aminoglycosides Fluoroquinolones Clarithromycin Tetracyclines Ribavirin Griseofulvan Chloramphenicol ```

(Step 1) Pharmacology (6 decks)

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